Gatorade Rhetorical Analysis Gatorade Essay - 1165 Words

Gatorade Rhetorical Analysis Gatorade’s â€Å"Sweat It to Get It† campaign utilizes a multitude of rhetorical devices in its advertisement. The advertisement takes place on a sunny afternoon and in a generic convenience store. A businessman enters the store on his cell phone and grabs two Gatorades. When he attempts to purchase the drinks, the cashier promptly asks â€Å"Do you know what electrolytes are?† The cashier then proceeds to explain that one must sweat to purchase Gatorade and therefore the cashier will not sell the Gatorade to the inactive businessman. Cam Newton then enters the store, staring the businessman down, and then smacks the Gatorades out of the businessman’s hand. The advertisement concludes with Cam Newton saying â€Å"You heard what he said† as the slogan â€Å"You Don’t Sweat It, You Don’t Get It† scrolls across the screen. The main message of the advertisement is Gatorade is more than just a drink to be consumed mindlessly, but a necessary accompaniment for an active lifestyle. In order to fully comprehend the meaning of the advertisement, one requires a process to analyze it. Kenneth Burke created a â€Å"Pentad of Dramatism,† as a way to critically analyze pieces of work such as advertisements. This method includes five major components: act, scene, agent, agency, and purpose. Act describes what types of communication are utilized in the work including actions done by the agents, both verbal and nonverbal. Scene describes when and where the act is takesShow MoreRelatedIndra4189 Words   |  17 Pages|Indra Nooyi: | |A Leader and a Woman of Substance | |CEO Rhetorical Analysis | |EXPO E34 | |HES, Fall 2010 | |Prof. Julie Anne McNary |

International Business Case Analysis - 1738 Words

Many U.S. companies are doing business internationally, but many complex situations can arise. Having an understanding of cultural differences in the workplace becomes important, and to understand these differences, people need to know and understand a culture’s ecological correlations, or in other words, the concepts that describe a culture (Brislin, P. 278). In reading the case â€Å"Negotiations – BWA Discovers the Indonesian Way† in Understanding and Managing Diversity, many cultural issues had come into play with the negotiations between the United States and Indonesian firm. Even though Jake Campbell, who is a U.S. project manager for BWA, has experience in managing other projects similar to the size and complexity of the National†¦show more content†¦This is a popular practice in Indonesia which known as â€Å"asal bapak senang (keeping father happy)† (Whitfield, P. 10). Many Asian countries follow Confucian dynamism which the three concepts of this thought are unequal-status relationships lead to a stable society (i.e. father-son), the family is typical of all social organizations and virtue in life consists of working hard, of acquiring useful skills and as much education as possible, of not being a spendthrift, and of persevering when faced with difficult tasks (Brislin, P. 294-295). As we can see in this case, NEC’s culture seems to also follow Confucian dynamism, and in the issue I raised above, we can see the though of unequal-status relationship here. It is also important to note that in Indonesian culture, the office is the only place to discuss business. Jared should have refrained himself from discussing business unless they brought up the subject first (Whitfield, P. 13). Jared called Anwar to discuss what happened at the party. After a week with a few phone calls and an informal meeting between Anwar, Jared the president of the PTF, Abdul Hasan, it was decided that Hasan would present Madjid with the estimate. In a separate meeting, Hasan presented the estimate of $5 million and discussed the reasons for the estimate. Madjid said he was surprised and that NEC could not afford suchShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis : International Business Law4792 Words   |  20 PagesLLM International Business Law LAWS 7100 Advanced Legal Skills End of module assessment: Case analysis Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 Written by: David T. Dickson Introduction The purpose of this assignment is to discuss the creation and application the case law resulting from the decision in Donoghue v Stevenson . This decision is often cited in relation to the tort of negligence and a duty of care. As such it could be misunderstood as being the preeminent case for the principlesRead MoreGlobal Business Cultural Analysis Of Japan Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pages Global Business Cultural Analysis: Japan James Hendricks Liberty University  Global Business Cultural Analysis: Japan Technological advancement has made globalization an inevitable factor that businesses of the future will need to consider in order to be successful. Increasingly, companies that have been solely domestic are branching out internationally for a wide variety of reasons, but in the end, it’s all about making profits from previously inaccessible market segments. 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Their article functions as an overview of some key issues, and is fairly well-researched, but ultimately treads no new ground. The article first outlines the case for improved intercultural communication, noting that business is becoming increasingly globalized. As nations come together, there is the risk that ventures and deals could failRead MoreAssessment of Value Stream Mapping Tools1047 Words   |  4 PagesVan Aken, Letens, 2003). The intent of this analysis is to evaluate the seven types of value stream mapping tools as analyzed by Hones and Rich (1997) in their analysis titled The Seven Value Stream Mapping Tools. Also within the article is a short case analysis of a distributor seeking to minimize waste and performance degradation of the upstream value stream aspects of their business which includes over 60,000 products (Hines, Rich, 1997). Analysis of Value Stream Tools Value stream mapping

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS OVER THE DECADES Essay Example For Students

DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTERS OVER THE DECADES Essay A Computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by performing calculations on numerical data or by compiling and correlating other forms of information. The modern world of high technology could not have come about except for the development of the computer. Different types and sizes of computers find uses throughout society in the storage and handling of data, from secret governmental files to banking transactions to private household accounts. Computers have opened up a new era in manufacturing through the techniques of automation, and they have enhanced modern communication systems. They are essential tools in almost every field of research and applied technology, from constructing models of the universe to producing tomorrows weather reports, and their use has in itself opened up new areas of conjecture. Database services and computer networks make available a great variety of information sources. The same advanced techniques also make possible invasions of privacy and of restricted information sources, but computer crime has become one of the many risks that society must face if it would enjoy the benefits of modern technology. (Gulliver 12-15)Imagine a world without computers. That would mean no proper means of communicating, no Internet, no video games. Life would be extremely difficult. Adults would have to store all their office work paper and therefore take up an entire room. Teenagers would have to submit course-works and projects hand-written. All graphs and diagrams would have to be drawn neatly and carefully. Youngsters would never have heard of video-games and will have to spend their free time either reading or playing outside with friends. But thanks to British mathematicians, Augusta Ada Byron and Charles Babbage, our lives are made a lot easier. (Malone 5-6)There are two main types of computers that are in use today, analog and digital computers, although the term computer is often used to mean only the digital type. Analog computers exploit the mathematical similarity between physical interrelationships in certain problems, and employ electronic or hydraulic circuits to simulate the physical problem. Digital computers solve problems by performing sums and by dealing with each number digit by digit. (Cringley 28-30)Hybrid computers are those that contain elements of both analog and digital computers. They are usually used for problems in which large numbers of complex equations, known as time integrals, are to be computed. Data in analog form can also be fed into a digital computer by means of an analog- to-digital converter, and the same is true of the reverse situation. (Cringley 31-32)The French philosopher Blaise Pascal devised the first adding machine, a precursor of the digital computer, in 1642. This device employed a series of ten-toothed wheels, each tooth representing a digit from 0 to 9. The wheels were connected so that numbers could be added to each other by advancing the wheels by a correct number of teeth. In the 1670s the German philosopher and mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz improved on this machine by devising one that could also multiply. The French inventor Joseph Marie Jacquard, in designing an automatic loom, used thin, perforated wooden boards to control the weaving of complicated designs. During the 1880s the American statistician Herman Hollerith conceived the idea of using perforated cards, similar to Jacquards boards, for processing data. Employing a system that passed punched cards over electrical contacts, he was able to compile statistical information for the 1890 U.S. census. (Hazewindus 44-48)Also in the 19th century, the British mathematician and inventor Charles Babbage worked out the principles of the modern digital computer. He conceived a number of machines, such as the Difference Engine, that were designed to handle complicated mathematical problems. Many historians consider Babbage and his associate, the British mathematician Augusta Ada Byron (Lady Lovelace, 1815-52), the daughter of the English poet Lord Byron, the true inventors of the modern digital computer. The technology of their time was no t capable of translating their sound concepts into practice; but one of their inventions, the Analytical Engine, had many features of a modern computer. It had an input stream in the form of a deck of punched cards, a store for saving data, a mill for arithmetic operations, and a printer that made a permanent record. (Hazewindus 56-58)Late in the 1960s the integrated circuit, or IC, was introduced, making it possible for many transistors to be fabricated on one silicon substrate, with inter- connecting wires plated in place. The IC resulted in a further reduction in price, size, and failure rate. The microprocessor became a reality in the mid-1970s with the introduction of the large-scale integrated (LSI) circuit and, later, the very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuit, with many thousands of interconnected transistors etched into a single silicon substrate. .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466 , .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466 .postImageUrl , .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466 , .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466:hover , .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466:visited , .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466:active { border:0!important; } .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466:active , .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466 .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0fe35a2d376010d736d090f5a5cc5466:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Love In Midsummer Night's Dream EssayTo return, then, to the switch-checking capabilities of a modern computer: computers in the 1970s generally were able to check eight switches at a time. That is, they could check eight binary digits, or bits, of data, at every cycle. A group of eight bits is called a byte, each byte containing 256 possible patterns of ONs and OFFs (or 1s and 0s). Each pattern is the equivalent of an instruction, a part of an instruction, or a particular type of datum, such as a number or a character or a graphics symbol. The pattern 11010010, for example, might be binary data-in this case, the decimal number 210 (see NUMBER SYSTEMS)-or it might tell the computer to compare data stored in its switches to data stored in a certain memory-chip location. (Gulliver 30-33)The development of processors that can handle 16, 32, and 64 bits of data at a time has increased the speed of computers. The complete collection of recognizable patterns-the total list of operations-of that a computer is capable is called its instruction set. Both factors-number of bits at a time, and size of instruction sets-continue to increase with the ongoing development of modern digital computers. (Dolotta 7-13)Major changes in the use of computers have developed since it was first invented. Computers have expanded, via telephone lines, into vast nation-wide, or worldwide, networks. At each extremity of the network is a terminal device, or even a large computer, which can send jobs over the wire to the central computer at the hub of the network. The central computer performs the computation or data processing and sends the results over the wire to any terminal in the network for printing. Some computer networks provide a service called time-sharing. This is a technique in which software shifts the computer from one task to another with such timing that it appears to each user at a terminal that he has exclusive use of the computer. (Malone 59-62)Other developments in the industry are aimed at increasing the speed at which data can be transmitted. Improvements are being made continually in modems and in the communications networks. Some public data networks support transmission of 56,000 bits per second (bps), and modems for home use are capable of as much as 56kbps. (Chposky 40-42)CDs have developed a lot over the past decade. At first, they were used only for music. Now, there are CDs from which we can play PC games and watch movies. The games at present are usually 3D. This means that the game seems almost life-like or virtual. One can spend hours playing games on CD because they are addictive. This is one of the main disadvantages of com puter games, because the person prevents himself or herself from doing anything educational or engaging themselves in any physical activities. Another common disadvantage is that playing too much on the computer can cause bad eyesight. But there are a few educational games for young children to help them learn and understand things better. Games may not be all that good for an individual, but if seen how they are programmed one will realize that it is not all easy to program a game. (Gulliver 100-105)A few years ago, if one were bored, they would usually go to a video shop and rent a movie. Now one can rent Movie CDs and play them on the computer and special Movie CD players, which are also installed. We have made many advantages though the years, and we are still making more in leaps and bounds. Computers have become a major part of our lives, and will continue to be forever. Works CitedChposky, James. Blue Magic. New York:Facts on File Publishing. 1988. Cringley, Robert X. Accidental Empires. Reading, MA:Addison Wesley Publishing, 1992. .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e , .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e .postImageUrl , .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e , .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e:hover , .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e:visited , .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e:active { border:0!important; } .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e:active , .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u58bde9cd6469cb263d8b4599a8ef105e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Nelson Mandela EssayDolotta, T.A. Data Processing: 1940-1985. New York:John Wiley ; Sons, 1985. Gulliver, David. Silicon Valley and Beyond. Berkeley, Ca:Berkeley Area Government Press, 1981. Hazewindus, Nico. The U.S. Microelectronics Industry. New York:Pergamon Press, 1988. Malone, Michael S. The Big Scare: The U.S. Computer Industry. Garden City, NY: Doubleday ; Co., 1985.

Water Biomes Essay Example For Students

Water Biomes Essay Marshland is covered with grasses, reeds, sedges, and cattails. Theseplants all have their roots in soil covered or saturated with water and itsleaves held above water.Marshes may be freshwater or salt. Freshwater marshesdevelop along the shallow edges of lakes and slow-moving rivers, forming whenponds and lakes become filled with sediment. Salt marshes occur on coastal tidalflats. Inland salt marshes occupy the edges of lakes. They affect the supply ofnutrients, the movement of water, and the type and deposition of sediment. Salt marshes are best developed on the Atlantic coasts of North Americaand Europe. In eastern North America the low marsh is dominated by a singlespecies, salt-marsh cordgrass. The high marsh consists of a short cordgrasscalled hay, spike grass, and glasswort. Glasswort is the dominant plant ofPacific Coast salt marshes. Freshwater marshes provide nesting and wintering habitats for waterfowland shorebirds, muskrats, frogs, and many aquatic insects. Salt marshes arewintering grounds for snow geese and ducks, a nesting habitat for herons andrails, and a source of nutrients for estuarine waters. Marshes are important inflood control, in sustaining high-water tables, and as settling basins toreduce pollution downstream. Despite their great environmental value, marshesare continually being destroyed by drainage and filling. We will write a custom essay on Water Biomes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Marine Life, plants and animals of the sea, from the high-tide markalong the shore to the depths of the ocean. These organisms fall into threemajor groups: the benthos, plants such as kelp and animals such as brittle starsthat live on or depend on the bottom; the nekton, swimming animals such asfishes and whales that move independently of water currents; and plankton,various small to microscopic organisms that are carried along by the currents. Shore Life, the essentially marine organisms that inhabit the regionbounded on one side by the height of the extreme high tide and on the other bythe height of the extreme low tide. Within these boundaries organisms face asevere environment imposed by the rise and fall of tides. For up to half of a24-hour period, the environment is marine; the rest of the time it is exposed,with terrestrial extremes in temperature and the drying effects of wind and sun. Life on rocky shores, best developed on northern coasts, is separatedinto distinct zones that reflect the length of time each zone is exposed. At thehighest position on the rocks is the black zone, marked by blue-green algae. This transition area between land and the marine environment is flooded onlyduring the high spring. Below the black zone lies the white zone, wherebarnacles are tightly glued to rocks. Living among the barnacles are rock-clinging mollusks called limpets. At low tide, barnacles keep their four movableplates closed to avoid drying; at high tide they open the plates and extend sixpairs of wandlike tentacles to sweep the water for microscopic life. Preying onthe barnacles are hole-drilling snails called dog whelks. Below the white zone and in some places overlying the barnacles arerockweeds, which have no roots but attach themselves to rocks by holdfasts. Brown algae are rockweeds that grow more than 8 ft long. The most common are thebladder wracks, with branching thalli up to 6 in wide. In the lowest zone,uncovered only during the spring tides, is the large brown alga Laminaria, oneof the kelps. Beneath its frondlike thalli live starfish, sea cucumbers, limpets,mussels, and crabs. On the sandy shores, life lies hidden beneath the surface, waiting forthe next high tide. Shifting and unstable, sand provides no substrate on whichlife can anchor itself. The environment of sand-dwelling animals, however, isless severe than that of animals dwelling on rocky shores. Although the surfacetemperature on a beach varies with the tide, below the surface the temperatureremains nearly constant, as does the salinity. The upper sandy beach, like theupper rocky shore, is transitional from land to sea. It is occupied by ghostcrabs and beach fleas, animals more terrestrial than marine. True marine lifeappears at the intertidal zone. Two common inhabitants, active at high tide, arethe lugworm, which burrows through the sand and feeds on organic matter; and thecoquina clam Donax, which advances up the beach and retreats with the tides. .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808 , .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808 .postImageUrl , .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808 , .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808:hover , .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808:visited , .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808:active { border:0!important; } .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808:active , .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808 .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u71c40ae71867f95e113653626d0a7808:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Plastic surgery EssayAmong the sand grains live small copepods and worms that feed on microscopicalgae, bacteria, and organic matter. On the lower beach, which remains uncovered for only a short period oftime, live clams, crabs, starfish, and sand dollars, whose calcareous skeletonslie partially buried in the sand. Category: Social Issues

The world summit Essays

The world summit Essays The world summit Essay The world summit Essay The world summit is an event that takes place once every year and is an event where all the world leaders get together and discuss what is wrong with our planet. They then discuss how to make it better. The broadsheet article is slightly biased against America, as it says, police manhandled protestors. This is using the word manhandled meaning that they disapprove and may favour the opinion of the protestors. The tabloid article is not biased towards or against any of the sides at the world summit. I do think that the broadsheet is not unfair to be biased against America because, as it states in their article, America is the worlds number one polluter, yet they are not doing much about it. This is a proved, certifies fact and although the article contains many facts, it also has quite a few opinions as well. When they start with the sentence, the earth summit ended amid chaos and acrimony, they make it sound as if it is much worse than it actually is. Also, when it mentions how the police manhandled protestors, it could have just said something like , removed, or ushered out, but they chose to write manhandled which is much more aggressive, therefore being what they think really happened as opposed to what did happen. Also, it says in the second paragraph, Kofi Annan, the united national secretary general was left insisting that the $50 million (i 33 million) summit wad not a failure. They could have left the facts about the summits cost out of it but they kept it in to emphasize how much of a ridiculous amount of money was spent on it and how it was a failure. In fact, it seems it was a failure. Although they spent so much money on it, they only reached two firm targets; to reduce the number of people without access to sanitation by half by 2015 and setting up marine reserves by 2012. Others such as banning toxic chemicals and protecting fish stocks, have been heavily qualified. Other promises in the final agreement are repeats of previous declarations or represent a weakening of earlier deals. The headline or title of the article is, US critics jeer Powell as summit ends on discord. This sums up the way the protestors acted and how they did a mass walkout about the way they disapproved of what Powell was saying. Also they mention that summit ends in discord, which means that they sort of agree that it was a waste of time and that not enough was done at this years world summit because although there was something done, it was not enough, therefore agreeing with the protestors that it was a complete and utter waste of time and money. The sub-heading reads, Powells speech makes clear that Bush has written off the planet and has abdicated world leadership. The speech obviously does not actually say this in these words, it is just summing up what it is basically saying, it is merely unfortunate that this message is coming across, although this may be the broadsheet newspaper twisting what Powells speech says to make it to be what they want to hear, This is by far changing the truth but then keeping all the basic facts in place.

The Persian Achaemenid Dynasty

The Persian Achaemenid Dynasty The Achaemenids were the ruling dynasty of Cyrus the Great and his family over the Persian empire, (550-330 BC). The first of the Persian Empire Achaemenids was Cyrus the Great (aka Cyrus II), who wrested control of the area from its Median ruler, Astyages. Its last ruler was Darius III, who lost the empire to Alexander the Great. By the time of Alexander, the Persian Empire had become the largest empire so far in history, stretching from the Indus River in the East to Libya and Egypt, from the Aral Sea to the northern coast of the Aegean Sea and the Persian (Arabian) Gulf. The Achaemenids Cyrus I (ruled at Anshan)Cambyses I, Cyrus son (ruled at Anshan) Achaemenid Empire Kings Cyrus II (the Great) [550-530 BC] (ruled from Pasargadae)Cambyses II [530-522 BC]Bardiya [522 BC] (possibly, a pretender)Darius I [522-486 BC] (ruled from Persepolis)Xerxes I (the Great) [486-465 BC]Artaxerxes I [465-424 BC]Xerxes II [424-423 BC]Darius II (Ochus) [423-404 BC]Artaxerxes II (Arsaces) [404-359 BC]Artaxerxes III (Ochus) [359-338 BC]Artaxerxes IV (Arses) [338-336 BC]Darius III [336-330 BC) The vast region conquered by Cyrus II and his descendants could not, obviously, be controlled from Cyrus administrative capital at Ecbatana or Darius center at Susa, and so each region had a regional governor/protector called a satrap (responsible to and representatives of the great king), rather than a sub-king, even if the satraps were often princes wielding kingly power. Cyrus and his son Cambyses started expanding the empire and the developing an effective administrative system, but Darius I the Great perfected it. Darius boasted of his accomplishments through multi-lingual inscriptions on a limestone cliffside at Mount Behistun, in western Iran. Architectural styles common throughout the Achaemenid empire included distinctive columned buildings called apadanas, extensive rock carvings and stone reliefs, climbing staircases and the earliest version of the Persian Garden, divided into four quadrants. Luxury items identified as Achaemenid in flavor were jewelry with polychrome inlay, animal-headed bracelets and carinated bowls of gold and silver. The Royal Road The Royal Road was a major intercontinental thoroughfare probably built by the Achaemenids to allow access to their conquered cities. The road ran from Susa to Sardis and thence to the Mediterranean coast at Ephesus. Intact sections of the road are cobble pavements atop a low embankment from 5-7 meters in width and, in places, faced with a curbing of dressed stone. Achaemenid Languages Because the Achaemenid empire was so extensive, many languages were required for the administration. Several inscriptions, such as the Behistun Inscription, were repeated in several languages. The image on this page is of a trilingual inscription on a pillar in Palace P of Pasargadae, to Cyrus II, probably added during the reign of Darius II. The primary languages used by the Achaemenids included Old Persian (what the rulers spoke), Elamite (that of the original peoples of central Iraq) and Akkadian (the ancient language of the Assyrians and Babylonians). Old Persian had its own script, developed by the Achaemenid rulers and based partly on cuneiform wedges, while Elamite and Akkadian were typically written in cuneiform. Egyptian inscriptions are also known to a lesser degree, and one translation of the Behistun inscription has been found in Aramaic. Updated by  N.S. Gill Sources Aminzadeh B, and Samani F. 2006. Identifying the boundaries of the historical site of Persepolis using remote sensing. Remote Sensing of Environment 102(1-2):52-62. Curtis JE, and Tallis N. 2005. Forgotten Empire: The World of Ancient Persia. University of California Press, Berkeley. Dutz WF and Matheson SA. 2001. Persepolis. Yassavoli Publications, Tehran. Encyclopedia Iranica Hanfmann GMA and Mierse WE. (eds) 1983. Sardis from Prehistoric to Roman Times: Results of the Archaeological Exploration of Sardis 1958-1975. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Sumner, WM. 1986 Achaemenid Settlement in the Persepolis Plain. American Journal of Archaeology 90(1):3-31.

How sedentary lifestyle affect identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

How sedentary lifestyle affect identity - Essay Example By this time, everybody should know the health effects of inactivity, almost as damaging to the mammal body as cigarette smoking and pets are just as susceptible. The earth is definitely getting heavier because obesity is an epidemic in the developed countries. New cases of adult onset Diabetes (also known as Type II Diabetes) are growing at an astronomical rate in the West, where 350 million people now have the disease and more than three million people succumb annually. Shockingly enough, more children are getting this version of Diabetes, which at one time was extremely rare in those under eighteen. In addition, coronary disease (heart attacks) and hypertension evolving into debilitating or fatal strokes are more common in the immobile person. Many works have blamed the sedentary lifestyle on the technology age and it is true that many more people hold an office-type job in 2012 then the populace did in the 1960’s. However, the average Western adult only works forty hours a week, less than 25% of the 168-hour week. The other seventy-two hours (after subtracting fifty-six hours for sleep) lead to sedentary trouble. The kid playing video games for hours on end, the family watching the latest DVD, adults and kids alike glued to the home computer shopping and catching up on Facebook, Twitter, etc. are all inactivity red flags that identity change is eminent. . To multiply the problem, a myriad of unhealthy food choices are available, potato chips, burritos, cookies among others, with more items invented all the time. Diet and exercise are the two solutions to inactivity. Healthy, home-cooked meals with less eating out, especially at fast food restaurants, can make a vast difference in a person’s weight and health, and feelings of identity. Instead of dad and son watching football all Sunday afternoon, they could go out in the backyard and have a game of catch. The whole family could go for a brisk walk in the park and rather than driving around the mall trying to grab a parking space near the entrance, it would be much better to park in the nether regions and walk to the door. Gardening, housework, walking the dog (it needs the workout also) and even sex are wonderful everyday devices in which one would get exercise. Is it raining? The inactive person could try walking up and down the stairs a few times. New York Times correspondent Michael Pollan has written several tongue-in-cheek books on the subject of food, most notably The Omnivore's Dilemma: a Natural History of Four Meals. Pollan stresses that he essentially agrees with the Government in their assessment that junk food and other processed foods are not good for the human body. He also acknowledges that so-called â€Å"organic† food is not that anymore, what started out as a good idea quickly turned no better than non-organic foodstuffs. In addition, modern transportation and storage methods, bringing regional foods such as Cajun nationwide, are not necessarily for the betterment of humankind. While recommending more plant matter, he stresses that humans should become a society of hunter-gatherers, as they were less than 150 years ago. Pollan in the chapter â€Å"The consumer a republic of fat† speaks explicitly on the sedentary lifestyle and oddly enough blames it partly on the glut of corn produced in North America. Americans don’t each that much corn so the excess resulted in the massive alcohol manufacturing in the 1800’s, which is still being used today (Pollan). Also high

Terrorism in the 21st century Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Terrorism in the 21st century - Essay Example This paper examines the Israel-Palestine conflict and terrorism in Middle East as well as all over the world. The paper also argues the role of western foreign policies and the strengthening extremist groups in the growth of world-wide terrorism. There are many countries i.e. the USA that tried to mediate the Israel-Palestine issue but at the end they remained unsuccessful. This conflict is a big terror for the world peace as the extremist groups of both Israel and Palestine are being strengthened. If the conflict does not get resolved within next few years, it would definitely cost a lot and whole world have to suffer. Extremists should not be given an opportunity to govern their respective states. They need to be discouraged by both sides through the right to vote. (Berrebi and Klor, 2006). The only way to make this world safer and terrorism free is the dialogue. The cross-cultural dialogues are the only things that can mediate the conflicts including Israel Palestine conflict. The Israeli operations in Palestine give birth to new terrorist attacks. The Israel-Palestine conflict is leading to the growth of terrorism not only in the region but also to a large extent all over the globe. The conflict started soon after Jews entered the Palestinian territory. The Arab nationalists joined the ground to defend the Palestinian homeland. This conflict became more vivid with the passage of time. There are many fundamental and extremist groups like Hamas still determined to keep the Israelis out of their territories. These types of extremist groups are at the both end. Israel also have religious extremist. These are extremist known as Jews Zionist (Naqib, 2003). Another reason that boosts terrorism in the region but all over the world happens to be the unemployment and rate of poverty. The rate of poverty and unemployment is rising day by day in the Israel and Palestine. The situation in Israel is still satisfactory but the circumstance in Palestine is something

The U.S. Navy Essay Example for Free

The U.S. Navy Essay Substance abuse is a condition in which the individual utilizes chemical substances that alter mood and behavior in a maladaptive manner, causing significant distress and failure to function normally at home, workplace, school or in social settings. Some individuals may also do dangerous acts or get themselves in trouble with the law. Some of the substances which can be misused include alcohol, marijuana, stimulants, tobacco, cocaine, etc. The incidences of substance abuse are quite high in the navy. Substance abuse is often linked with several unsolvable problems in life especially at the workplace or concerning personal issues. Individuals who cannot cope with these problems turn to alcohol, cocaine, cannabis and other substance to relieve their distress. The US Navy is quite strict about substance abuse, and maintains a ‘zero tolerance policy’ both during duty and after duty, or offshore and afloat. According to this policy, misuse of drugs or alcohol in the Navy is not suited in maintaining the high standard of performance, discipline and promptness. It destroys the navy’s goal of installing pride and sense of professionalism However, several individuals in the navy may have a drug problem, and the leaders should try to retain such staff and help them to get back to normal life and functioning. The Navy has lost several of its sailors due to substance abuse, which has resulted in a number of families getting destroyed. A survey conducted by the Department of Defense in 1980 found that 46% of the navy personnel used cannabis during the last 1 month. Out of these, about 26% confessed that they had been under the influence of drugs at their work. The incidences of cannabis use were especially high in individuals who had experienced a traumatic event at their work. Cannabis is one of the most misused drugs in the navy. There is a common misconception that cannabis use is safer than smoking tobacco. However, studies conducted showed that smoking cannabis significantly increased the risk of developing cancers of the head, neck and the lungs. Many individuals also felt that it was easier to quit cannabis use. However, studies conducted on individuals trying to quit the habit showed that they had severe problems including sleeplessness, irritability and aggression. Amongst all positive urine test results, cocaine accounted for 14% to 22% in Navy personnel in the last four years. Cocaine can be consumed through various means such as smoking, snorting, etc. The drug makes the individual feels euphoric, energetic, mentally alert and sensitive to various stimuli. Cocaine produces several ill-effects on the heart, blood vessels, lungs, nerves and the brain. In developing a program to combat substance abuse in the navy, it is very important to make the participants understand the ill-effects and the risks associated with substance abuse. The program has to include certain aims, goals, objectives and the certain means have to be implemented in a planned manner to attain these goals. The main aim of the program is to stop illicit substance use by the navy personnel. The goals of the program include educating the participants about various signs/indications through which substance abuse can be recognized. They should also be educated about the ill-effects, risk and consequences of the drug use.

Native American Astronomy Essay -- Astronomy Seasons Astronomers Essay

Native American Astronomy For many years astronomers and people alike have constantly heard about the observations and records of the Chinese and Europeans. No other culture can provide as much information as that gathered by the Chinese and Europeans, but there are many other cultures that observed and recorded the night sky, one of those being the Native Americans. During the last fifteen to twenty years archaeoastronomers have uncovered much concerning the beliefs and records of Native Americans. Unfortunately, the methods of keeping records of astronomical events were not as straight forward as the Chinese and Europeans. The Native Americans had to use what they could to record what they observed. Their records were found on rock and cave drawings, stick notching, beadwork, pictures on animal skins and story telling. One of the few dateable events among the various records of Native Americans was the 1833 appearance of the Leonid meteor shower. The most obvious accounts of the Leonid storm appear among the various bands of the Sioux of the North American plains. The Sioux kept records called â€Å"winter counts,† which were a chronological pictographic account of each year painted on animal skin. In 1984 Von Del Chamberlain listed the astronomical references for 50 Sioux, forty five out of fifty referred to an intense meteor shower during 1833/1834. He also listed nineteen winter counts kept by other plains Indian tribes, fourteen of which referred to the Leonid storm. The Leonids also appear among the Maricopa, who used calendar sticks with notches to represent the passage of a year, with the owner of the stick remembering the events. The owner of one stick claimed records had been kept that way â€Å"since the stars fell.† The first notch on the stick represented 1833. A member of the Papago, named Kutox, was born around 1847 or 1848. He claimed that 14 years prior to his birth â€Å"the stars rained all ov er the sky.† A less obvious Leonid reference was found in a journal kept by Alexander M. Stephen, which detailed his visit with the Hopi Indians and mentions a talk he had With Old Djasjini on December 11, 1892. That Hopi Indian said, â€Å"How old am I? Fifty, maybe a hundred years, I cannot tell. When I was a young boy eight or ten years there was a great comet in the sky and at night all the above was full of shooting stars. (Stephen 37). During the lifetime o... ...eir records by building structures that would observe the sun. the Bighorn Medicine Wheel in Wyoming dates to AD 1400 to 1700. Lines drawn between major markings on the wheel point to the location of solstice sunrises and sunsets and also toward the rising point of the three brightest stars that rise before the sun in the summer. About fifty medicine wheels have been discovered, several are thousands of years. Many of them have the same alignment as the Bighorn Medicine Wheel. In Chaco Canyon, New Mexico two spirals carved into the rock by the prehistoric Anasazi can be used as a calendar. A dagger of light penetrates the shadow of adjacent rocks. The dagger moves with the sun to different locations on the spiral.the full pattern also reflects the 18.6 year cycle of the moon as well as the yearly cycle of the sun. The ancient Native Americans were not sophisticated astronomers in the sense of coherent theory behind the movements of heavenly objects, their level of understanding o f the time cycles of the sun, moon and planets was great. The methods for recording and keeping track of the seasonal movements was clever and displays a cultural richness that varies from tribe to tribe.

Research Sources Essay

1. Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment : Moving Beyond the Nature/nurture Debate In the midst of the twentieth century, staggering steps were made in decreasing disease and upgrading the soundness of individuals and peoples. General prosperity measures, sanitation, improved cleanliness, and antibodies incited genuine diminished in mortality and dreariness. Extended insightfulness with respect to the dangers of the workplace realized decreased injuries and better prosperity for experts. Advances in bio remedial examination had any kind of effect develop learning of affliction and nudged the change of new clinical and pharmaceutical meds. More starting late, the sequencing of the human genome has given information that holds the surety for further upgrading human prosperity. During the time a broad accumulation of proof has created showing that social and behavioral components, for instance, monetary status, smoking, eating schedule, and alcohol usage are key determinants of prosperity. Late studies in like manner prescribe that breaking down joint efforts among innate and social-regular components could fundamentally enhance perception of prosperity and illness. In a study showing how the social environment can affect natural response, found that the money related status of gatherings is associated with mixtures in central tactile framework serotonergic responsivity, which may have recommendations for the power of mental issue and practices, for instance, misery, incautious ill will, and suicide. While examine on the impact of coordinated efforts can encourage the cognizance of ailment peril and help in the change of effective pharmaceuticals to upgrade the quality of individuals and masses, there is an absence of investigation that encompasses each one of the three regions. Much stays to be got some answers concerning how these variables work together to impact prosperity, including the most vital thought of portraying association and how it can be depicted. Since more conspicuous etiological perception is relied upon to perceive future clinical research and make convincing meds went for improving prosperity comes about, the board fixated its attempts on etiological examination. 1. Regulation of Gene Editing Activity Directed by Single-Stranded Oligonucleotides and CRISPR/Cas9 Systems. The reengineering of mammalian genomes is a capable hereditary way to deal with both comprehension quality  capacity and growing new treatments for acquired maladies. While the conventional endpoint for hereditary building has been to disturb or debilitate a quality through complete knockout, it is presently conceivable to direct single nucleotide trade in a viable and proficient way. Quality or genome altering can be catalyzed by a progression of atomic apparatuses that when utilized in different mixes precisely change the arrangement of the DNA in a site-particular style. Single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides (ssODNs) have been utilized for a long time to build nucleotide changes in the genomes of numerous living beings. Also, while the instrument of activity furthermore, the administrative hardware are being explained, in any event partially, the low effectiveness with which single-stranded oligonucleotides work in segregation has since a long time ago hampered their advancement for helpful application. As a quest for adjuvants that can improve the recurrence of singlestranded ODN–directed quality altering has continued, it was resolved that the twofold stranded DNA breaks actuated preceding the presentation of the single-stranded ODN raised the general action of quality altering. 1. Engineered DNA-Binding Proteins for Targeted Genome Editing and Gene Regulation http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:11156806 The engineereed DNA-tying proteins empower focused on control of the genome. zinc fingers are the most all around portrayed DNA-tying space and for a long time examination has concentrated on understanding and controlling the succession specificities of these proteins. as of late significant advances in the capacity to architect zinc finger proteins and also the revelation of another class of dna-tying spaces interpretation activator like effectors have made it conceivable to quickly and dependably design proteins focused to any grouping of hobby. The capacity to explicitly alter the genome has incredible potential for examination and restorative applications. the homology coordinated repair in a mixed bag of cell sorts and creatures this strategy has never been utilized to right an illness bringing about transformation in human affected pluripotent undeveloped cells. the human b troll locus to remedy the sickle cell sickliness transformation. Every one of us acquire a large group of more subtle destructive changes. Maybe you are more inclined to experience the ill effects of coronary illness, certain tumors, dementia or emotional sicknesses, or to lose your sight or go hard of hearing in seniority. What’s more, your youngsters and your kids and every one of their relatives will acquire a large number of these transformations, alongside the new ones created as nature’s irregular slips proceed. When you see how these changes come to fruition, the case for assuming responsibility of our hereditary fate appears to be unanswerable. We are getting the capacity to free ourselves from the things of 4 billion years of thoughtless development. Germ-line hereditary designing obviously has threats, not slightest its capability to be utilized for the wrong purposes or the potential for its expense to limit its points of interest to the affluent. In any case, numerous stresses are overstated – we couldn’t design Einsteins in the event that we needed to, for occasion, on the grounds that we haven’t discovered any quality variations that have a remarkable effect to knowledge, regardless of much attempting. What we could do is end a gigantic measure of affliction. What’s more, in the event that it is accessible to everybody, not simply the rich, hereditary building could even help make the world a much more pleasant spot. 1. Chinese researchers alter embryo DNA: Do results cross ethical tripwires? Christian Science Monitor. 4/24/2015, pN.PAG. 0p.  humankind is confronted with the crucial inquiry of â€Å"whether people ought to have this level of control over their own particular physical fates,† says Alta Charo, an educator of law and bioethics at the College of Wisconsin at Madison. â€Å"We’re hitting the point where individuals are asking: Would we truly like to have the force not quite recently to choose among the decisions given to use by nature, however to make totally new decisions we  could call our own detail?† The moral concerns encompassing hereditary control of conceptive cells are weighty to the point that numerous researchers and bioethicists are asking associates to start substantive discussions with partners, biotech-industry pioneers, controllers, vested parties, and people in general to make sense of what clinical uses, if any, future worthy. Others, incorporating some in the biotech business, contend for a ban on any germ-line exploration including human regenerative cells. One measure of the moral minefield into which the Chinese group walked: Two of the most high-perceivability science diaries, Science and Nature, declined to distribute the outcomes on moral grounds, the venture’s lead researcher, Junjui Huang, disclosed to correspondents from Nature’s news division. A hefty portion of the starting concerns in established researchers include wellbeing and adequacy for a device they see as having possibly capable restorative applications. The Chinese group shares this worry and refers to its own outcomes as confirmation that CRISPR-Cas9 is no place close prepared for the center.

Motivating Employees in an Organisation Essay

Motivating Employees in an Organization S Santosh Contents Chapter 12 Chapter 25 Chapter 310 Chapter 415 Chapter 1 Motivation: Concepts and Theories Defining motivation The word â€Å"motivation† comes from the Latin word movere – â€Å"to move. † And managers often view motivation in exactly those terms (â€Å"I need to get my people moving! â€Å"). Motivation is the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action. General motivation is concerned with effort towards any goal, whereas effort towards Organizational goals reflects work-related behavior. Many contemporary authors have also defined the concept of motivation. Motivation has been defined as: the psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction (Kreitner, 1995); a predisposition to behave in a purposive manner to achieve specific, unmet needs (Buford, Bedeian, & Lindner, 1995); an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994); and the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993). For this paper, motivation is operationally defined as the inner force that drives individuals to accomplish personal and organizational goals. We mainly deal with the motivating employees in an organization towards the organizational goal for the benefit of both the organization and the employee. Understanding what motivates employees and how they are motivated was the focus of many researchers following the publication of the Hawthorne Study results (Terpstra, 1979). Motivation Theories and concepts While there are many theories on motivation, the seven major approaches that have led to our understanding of motivation are the following: †¢ According to Maslow, employees have five levels of needs (Maslow, 1943): physiological, safety, social, ego, and self- actualizing. Maslow argued that lower level needs had to be satisfied before the next higher level need would motivate employees. †¢ Herzberg’s work categorized motivation into two factors: motivators and hygiene (Herzberg, Mausner, ; Snyderman, 1959). Motivator or intrinsic factors, such as achievement and recognition, produce job satisfaction. Hygiene or extrinsic factors, such as pay and job security, produce job dissatisfaction. †¢ McClelland’s Theory of Needs which focuses on three needs, namely need for Achievement, Need for power, Need for affiliation.

Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson in The Hound Of The Baskervilles Essay Example

Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson in The Hound Of The Baskervilles Essay Example Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson in The Hound Of The Baskervilles Paper Sherlock Holmes and Dr Watson in The Hound Of The Baskervilles Paper Essay Topic: Literature The Hound of the Baskervilles There are five main points I am going to explain about the different aspects of Holmes and Watsons relationship and how each point adds to the enjoyment of the novel. The first obvious main point to start with is that the book is Holmes biography. All the Sherlock Holmes books are all about what Watson does with Holmes on their cases and at home before and after each case. This particular tale however, is not only based at home and in one other place, its based on a few different places like Devonshire, Coombe Tracey etc. Watson always tells the storyline, as he is the biographer of these cases and of Sherlock Holmes life. This is evidence of the books authenticity, as this could physically happen in real life. As well as this being the biography of Sherlock Holmes, it is also an autobiography for Watson. It is shown in this book especially, as there are a few chapters where Holmes is not in the book itself, only written to by Watson. We see this point right at the beginning of the book, when it says Mr Sherlock Holmes, who was usually very late in the mornings, save upon those not infrequent occasions when he stayed up all night, was seated at the breakfast table. This shows us that Watson has been around Holmes for a while as he even knows and writes what time Holmes wakes up in the morning. This is telling us that Holmes and Watson must have been friends for a number of years because otherwise Watson would not have know about what time Holmes wakes up etc. The second main point is that Holmes and Watson are obviously very close friends but although they are such close friends their friendship is very strange as they have a very competitive side to it. The bizarre relationship between Watson and Holmes is shown especially when Holmes is listening to Watson saying what he thinks of the stick, letting Watson think hes getting it all right when actually Holmes has a completely different answer. Another time Conan Doyle adds to their friendship is by telling us the extent of which they know each other. For when I see the stub of a cigarette marked Bradley, Oxford Street, I know that my friend Watson is in the neighbourhood. This shows us how much Holmes knows about Watson. He knows that he smokes and even which brand he smokes. By using the word friend he also is explaining that it is because of his friendship, that he is able to recognize it being Watsons stub. This could also mean that this brand was not such a popular type of cigarette and Holmes knew that Watson did in fact actually like it. This makes the book extremely enjoyable to read by allowing us to see a friendship that is so realistic that its like we are actually there. No friendship is perfect and there is, like theirs, a very competitive side to any friendship. There are points in the book when we see how much Watson actually trusts Holmes. This is shown especially right at the beginning of the book, when Holmes goes to wake up Watson. This proves that Holmes is allowed to enter Watsons room and is also allowed to wake him up at any time he wants. The third main point is that they are both partners in the work of investigation and although they are only work partners, we feel at home since they are still friends and its a pleasant environment to be in. Although they are close friends, we do see that they are still work partners as every time they sit down to drink a cup of tea, they are always talking about the case that they are currently dealing with, rather than a joke that someone said in a pub last night, for example. Holmes and Watson do not have equal positions in the job that they work in. Holmes is more of the solver and does not go out to explore. He uses his mental knowledge rather than his physical capabilities as he says in chapter one I have been to Devonshire in spirit we see from here that Holmes is a man of much intellect and can picture things in his head without actually leaving the place where hes at. Watson, on the other hand, is the explorer or the worker, the man who does all the physical work, searching for clues. Holmes still thinks of Watson as an amazing detective and very important to every case he does, as he mentions twice in the book about Watson being the man of action (page 140) and also him being there at the hour of action (page 30) this is showing us how Holmes is the superior one and Watson is inferior the pair. This also provides us with entertainment whilst reading this book because we see that Holmes is a man of much intellect and a controlling genius and its as if Watson is almost running behind him saying wait up, I know what the answer is although he actually has got the wrong side of the stick. Both detectives need and value each others help in this work and it is enjoyable to watch them working together to figure out the case. There is within the friendship of Holmes and Watson an aspect of Master and Apprentice or Schoolmaster and Pupil. This is shown a lot throughout the book; especially in Chapter One when Watson is saying what he thinks has happened to the stick and how old it is. Holmes sits and listens and occasionally comments, good or excellent. This shows how Holmes is treating Watson like a schoolchild who has just answered a question correctly. Also when Holmes makes a right deduction, he says the deduction so matter-of-factly, almost like hes trying to teach him the way to work it out, for example when Holmes says Do none suggest themselves? You know my methods. Apply them! and also when he says as to the latter part he says this as if the answer is obvious and why would anyone think different! This is another element that adds humour to this incredible book. It does this by making the story sound like two people, one who is literally always being bossed around by the other and yet he still follows the bossy one about. At one point of the book, though, we see that Watson is offended and he says, Then you use me, and yet do not trust me. But as a whole we know that Watson and Holmes are very friendly with each other and each one doesnt mind the other ones faults. The construction of the story is written in a narrative point- this is the final point I wish to raise in this essay and is quite different to the other elements previously written in this book the narrator is actually the sidekick; Using a sidekick is a very useful thing for an author whilst writing a book or making a film about detectives. The vast majority of all detectives have one or more sidekicks. We see in G. k Chestertons books there are always Father Brown and his sidekick Flambeau. In Agatha Christies detective stories there is always Hercule Poirut and Colonel Hastings. All these amazing detective stories have the common denominator of a sidekick. Having a sidekick enables the author, in this case, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle to control the flow of the information that gets passed to the audience. Sometimes an author can use this technique to create an irony in the story or the other way round just to confuse the readers. Sometimes by having a sidekick, it can even make people feel they are in the story by letting the readers find out something very crucial to the storyline at the same time as the characters. When they found out that the dog had killed Selden instead of Sir Henry was an exciting and relieving part of the book where one felt the same as the characters. When they found out who it was who was trying to kill Sir Henry or even at the time when Mr and Mrs Stapleton were found out not to be brother and sister. All of the times, we experience similar feeling to the narrator. It can also help to display the emotions between Holmes and Watson at different times throughout the book. Watson becoming angry in the middle of the book because of something he had not found out that Holmes had known is an example of when the relationship of Holmes and Watson gets a bit tangled up. There are lots of different aspects of the relationship between Holmes and Watson. All these aspects have been thought about before writing the book and this is what makes the book so enjoyable.

Getting ahead planning your retirement in your 20s

Getting ahead planning your retirement in your 20s Have you ever heard the old saying that it’s never too early to start planning for the future? If so, you may have decided to ignore it, or just worry about it later- after all, when you’re young you feel as if you have an endless amount of time to plan your life and that your time is better spent having fun and living for the moment. But the truth is, the future is coming faster than you might realize. When it comes to retirement planning, the phrase â€Å"never too early to start planning† can be the best advice you’ll ever get. Sure, there are a lot of reasons why it’s especially tricky to start planning for such a far-off notion like retirement. The truth is, you’re likely just getting started in your professional journey, and you may have little to no idea where your climb up the career ladder will take you. Also, if you’re like most of us, the money you’re earning when you’re new to the work world doesn’t exa ctly leave you with a ton of options for saving and investing for the future. On top of all this, it is much more fun to be carefree and live for the moment when you’re young, and many of us make a deal with ourselves to start taking money matters seriously when we reach a significant (and distant) milestone in our lives (age 30? 40? 70?).That said, you really don’t have to completely overhaul your life or give up on fun in order to start planning for retirement but the more prepared you are for this inevitable end to your career journey the more confident and relaxed you’ll be about money matters at every phase of your life until then. Taking baby steps toward greater financial responsibility while you’re in your 20s will bring you that much closer to whatever your retirement goals turn out to be- and help you avoid (or at least minimize) the amount of fear, worry, and anxiety you feel when you’re focused on your financial health and future. And t rust us, if those days aren’t here yet, they’re right around the corner.If you’re ready to take the next step and get serious about your retirement planning, then consider the following strategies to move you in the right direction.4 steps to planning for retirement now1. Develop a saving mindset.Sure, when you’re in your 20s it’s hard to take savings seriously. Most likely, your main focus is on getting your bills paid and being able to afford the basics, and that makes total sense. However, even saving just a little bit can go a long way.Let’s take a look at a small example- suppose you enjoy a mid-afternoon latte each workday. The average price of a latte is around $2.50. Now, instead of buying the latte, imagine taking that money and dropping it into a savings account- in 5 years, you’ll have saved $3,250 just by making this one small life change. Are there other small savings changes you can make to help you build your nest egg? Probably, and the more money you’re able to divert to savings the better off you’ll be- both for short-term needs and for long-term health as you creep closer to retirement. But perhaps more importantly, just getting into a savings mindset early on in life will set you up for being a more financially responsible adult as you get older- and your ability and desire to save and spend wisely will set you up for a great financial future.2. Take advantage of work resourcesMost of us aren’t thrilled to have to work, but one of the good things about having to hold down a job is that it can often come with some useful employee benefits- which may include a retirement benefits plan. These days, more and more companies are offering a 401(k) plan to help employees save and prepare for retirement, which often provide some incredible perks like employer fund matching (which is as close to free money as most of us will ever get).Taking advantage of investing in a 401(k) is so universally recognized as beneficial (and often essential) that many companies automatically enroll employees in plans to help them start saving their money wisely. If your company offers this benefit, there is absolutely no good reason not to take advantage of it- even if it’s just a small percentage of your paycheck. Don’t worry if you don’t plan on staying at your current job forever- you get to take your money with you.3. Explore other investment optionsIn addition to the retirement benefits that your employer may offer, consider exploring other investment options available to you: IRAs, mutual funds, CDs, and the stock market. Sure, it’s a little scary to jump into the world of investing as a newbie, but there are a wealth of resources available to you, including online tools, wise and trusted friends and family members, and investment professionals tied to your bank (assuming you have a savings or checking account- and if you don’t, consider opening one). Do some research and start small. You’ll be amazed by how well a few wise investment decisions early on in life can set you up for a comfortable retirement.4. Decrease debtDebt is not your friend. Even though it’s often an unavoidable part of adulthood, be sure to make every effort to decrease your debt burden as you move closer and closer to retirement age. The truth is, some forms of debt- like a home mortgage- are indicative of financial stability and solvency. But other forms (like credit card debt) are best left avoided or eradicated as quickly as possible. If you have a credit card (or multiple cards), avoid using them unless it’s an unavoidable emergency, and pay off what you owe as quickly as possible. Nothing creates a financial headache and panic attack faster than an unwieldy amount of unhealthy debt- so be sure to avoid drowning here.

The Concept of Majority Rule Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Concept of Majority Rule - Assignment Example The relationship between the two is that the principles of majority rule and minority rights identically support an egalitarian form of government in the United States of America. An example of this is the â€Å"Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which make illegal employment discrimination on the grounds of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. It applies to all colleges and universities, public or private that have at least fifteen employees. The U.S. Constitution prohibits state employment in violation of the equal protection of the laws and applies to all public institutions of higher education. Title VII and the Constitution jointly establish what is required and permitted with respect to affirmative action in higher education† (The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 1964). Another example which exhibits the duality of the constitution is the No Child Left Behind Act of the NCLB, a constitutional provision ensuring the right of all children to be studying in school (Henley, Mcbride, Milligan, and Nichols, 2007). Practically, this constitutional provision promotes the need for every citizen of the United States of America to gain the appropriate knowledge for wisdom in any chosen field. This must also be inconsistent with the current global trend towards service industry.

Creation of a Teaching environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Creation of a Teaching environment - Essay Example Each learning experience is unique and necessitates different needs, and so they may need a different rubric to address these unique needs of the student. The designing of a rubric can be cumbersome task but at the same time a rewarding and useful experience to nurse educators. Nowadays, health care environment is becoming more complex and diverse. There are an increasing number of patients from at-risk populations as well as an increase in the number of chronic diseases that need to be managed in a community setting. This complex and diverse scenario makes it mandatory on the part of the nurse educators to ensure that their graduates have the skills necessary to be leaders in this healthcare environment (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2008). The utilization of innovative strategies will assist the nurse educators to apply various teaching methods to facilitate learning to ensure core competencies attainment amongst the students, as well as during teaching and mentoring newer nurses. (Billings & Halstead, 2009). This paper will examine the core competencies needed by graduates of today’s nursing programs and how nurse educators can facilitate learning and attainment of these competencies needed for safe evidence-based practice. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) has formulated nine essentials competencies that graduates should posses by the end of their various nursing program. These competencies are stated in a different manner by the National League for Nursing Accrediting Commission (NLNAC) as well as various other stakeholders of nursing education, but they fully support it. (Billings & Halsted, 2009; The National League for Nursing, 2005). This paper will discuss the core competencies of scholarship for evidence based practice, inter-professional communication/collaboration skills, the use

Head on vs Tylenol Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Head on vs Tylenol - Annotated Bibliography Example Head on is a product that relieves headaches by simple application on the forehead. The success of this product can be attributed to the vigorous and repetitive advertisement about it that has increased its awareness to people. Tylenol, the competitor brand is effective for temporary relief of aches, pains, headaches, nasal congestions. Its popularity has mainly been backed by the reputation of the Johnson and Johnson companies and the marketing it has been given. Head on is manufactured by Miralus healthcare Company. The ownership and manufacture of this product was transferred to Sirvision, inc. located in North America. Tylenol is one of the products made by the Tylenol Company and ownership is by Mc Neil consumer healthcare which is Johnson and Johnson subsidiary. Headon is made up of three ingredients from a flower, vine and a carcinogen. These ingredients are iris versicolor, potassium dichromate and white bryony. The active ingredient in Tylenol is paracetamol. The ingredients used in making these products have once or more been discredited by users and other groups for some reasons that reveal their failure or ineffectiveness. So far I have identified the population to gather the information from. The age of the people and their geographical location has been identified too. The methods of information gathering to use, and the timeline that will be enough to cover the project have also been ascertained. The information required for analysis of these products will be conducted after a survey by interviewing people to give their opinions on them and their preference. The interviews will cover the effectiveness \of these products, their failure and the most preferred in terms of effectiveness, accessibility and price. Questionnaires will also be used to collect information on the rival products. These data collecting instruments will be evenly distributed in the targeted demographic area to minimize chances of getting biased information. Manufacturers

Reflective Essay on Team Building Skills

Reflective Essay on Team Building Skills Writing a reflection is comparable to that of using a Pensive, in the direction of reliving the already lived experience with the objective of learning from the past matters to enhance future performances. This reflection will closely practice (Gibbs,1988) Reflective Cycle. First stage will begin with a description of what happened, followed by feelings about that event or experience, further evaluating and analysing towards arriving at a conclusion along with making of an action plan for performing in a more efficient manner if a similar situation arises in the future. To begin with, in our course Managing Organization and People, Our Professor helped forming the teams by a structured process, he also encouraged to break the ice between the team members, by making us do a very exciting team building activity. Soon after, we were briefed about the case study on decision making; the job was to make a presentation on the given case. My team comprised of 5 members, and four members out of five were from the same country and common native language, I was the one who added country diversity to our team. Since other four members shared one common native language, with English as their second language, it appeared to me that they will be more comfortable communicating in their first language rather than English, which was our course language. In our first meeting we had dialog around the over-all plan, which we will follow to accomplish the goal of making our presentation. Division of the tasks was done, but there was no concrete discussion over how we as a team would check if individuals work is aligning with the overall schema or not. I was feeling confident to have a team with dedicated and friendly members, although few concerns were there, which arose after our first group meeting. The concerns were, communication, trust, fear of conflict, leadership. At the subsequent meeting the worries turned out to be true, instead of progressing we were in retrograde motion. The other four members preferred interacting in their first language rather than our course language not just this, but also everyone had a different point of view concerning the most essential question of the case study, we were asked to state organizations problem and opportunities clearly, but no one was ready to accept others view point, dissatisfaction was fumed and question was left unanswered. Other than Professors first team building activity, no other such activity was performed to better build the relationships and trust amongst the team members. In the absence of a strong connection between team members, we couldnt debate plentiful about how we will resolve this state of disagreement and if a leader was needed to facilitateand direct us in such circumstances. The bright side was that in terms of accountability, commitment, result oriented approach our team seemed standing strong. I felt quiet uncomfortable in this situation and tried taking the step of simplifying things by making everyone indulge in talks and making them to participate more. To ease the situation, we decided that everyone will stick to the chosen parts and at last we will add individual work to arrive at a better collective result. The situation was very challenging, but taking a call of not interfering in each others work till we complete, seemed the best possible way to avoid disagreements. However, the study by (Clark Clark, 2015) proved that team with better individual skills can be outperformed by team with more synergy, and in absence of synergy it was implied that our teams productivity was not going to be the optimum. It is often claimed that by engaging in team building à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦any group can transform itself into a high-performing team (Shandler Egan, 1996 as cited in Riener Wiederhold, 2016) and the study by (Riener Wiederhold, 2016) concluded that members who engage in team building tasks give better efforts than who dont.   Whereas our team never positioned team building activities in high importance ranking. We should have engaged in more team building to help us develop a good bonding. It was a major step missed by our team for turning out as a high performing team. Advancing to other key interconnected issues related to team structure were: Self-managed or leader driven, which best suited us. Avoiding arguments or shaping them to healthy discussions. Well defined by (Phillips, 2001) Whether a team is leader driven or self-directed; higher level of productivity and greater results are desired in a team, we as a team had the same goals of achieving higher level of productivity and our team was a self-directed team with no leader present, I think with the type of team mix we had, there was a leader required to reduce the differences between team members to help us in achieving higher productivity. Discussing more about a leader and importance of a leader in team, as stated by (Hamlin Jennings, 2007) Leaders influence both the mode of interaction and outcome of these interactions, therefore, in presence of a leader with right approach, our team interactions which were whirling as never-ending arguments, could have been shaped to fruitful debates, instead of it our arguments were gradually shaping to conflicts, again the big question; conflicts are helpful or obstructive for a teams productivity. There have been different views on this, The Study by (De Dreu Weingart, 2003) tells that conflicts adds tensions, increases gap and troubles between team members, therefore they should be treated as obstructions in any teams progress. Whereas, the study by (Amason, 1996, Cited by Brockmann, 1996)has a different view anddivides conflicts into two types. Type one is cognitive conflict, which aims at issues, ideas or process, it is constructive and useful for a team, whereas the second type is affective conflict which aims at people, emotions and values, it is harmful to a team and is destructive conflict. As a self-directed team, when we were not able to manage conflicts, a leader with positive influencing approach was required to route our teams destructive conflicts in direction of cognitive conflicts and we could have better responded to the case study question of stating organizations problem and opportunity. (Claus Langfred, 2007) suggested that Self-managing teams when cannot manage conflicts; tend to reform themselves in an inefficient structure, and with higher conflicts the trust level decreases. It was well reflected in our response to conflict, we decided to work on individual tasks without much interference and with greater autonomy we built a greater level of trust. Trust is a crucial factor for team performance (Erdem, 2003, cited by Aki   Mila, 2012) and with the developed trust we started performing slightly better. Cooperation followed by trust is what we gained next, which also resolved the perception of imbalanced diversity that I had in my mind. (Mitchell Boyle, 2015) concluded that Professional diversity could be good for innovation if team members have openness, Though initially, I was bit concerned that our team is not very diverse as all members except me were from the same culture and same language group, which was different from our course language, but later I realized that we all were very diverse in our professional experiences and fields; with openness to suggestions, creative thinking did prosper in our team and after divisions of task and developed trust, team members were very cooperative and communicated in English only. The five characteristics of a dysfunctional team stated in (Lencioni, 2010) are: lack of trust, fear of conflict, lack of commitment, avoidance of accountability, inattention to results, we were able to overcome four out of five characteristics by having a team with trust, commitment, result oriented approach and accountable members but we could never reach a stage of having a healthy conflict. We knew our presentation was not going to be the best, but it was time to feel motivated and deliver our finest with the available resources. Conclusion If given a chance to go back to the time, when teams were formed, definitely I will make the team indulge in more team building activities for achieving a greater bonding, which would have further helped us to sensibly handle and shape the conflicts into cognitive conflicts. Although, every member of the team worked with dedication and commitment, but we failed to understand the importance of synergy, thats how collective effort could have helped us to accomplish the given task with distinction. Our team achieved the required coordination, trust, communication, but we were too late to reap the benefit of these gears, so time management is one another important aspect we missed at. Action Plan This team project experience is one key asset that will help me in future to grip better the alike situations, and being a business student such teamwork situations will certainly come again in my professional career. Learnings which I have gained from this experience are that when working in a team conflicts are essential for success, but only if teams are mature enough to be self-managed or there is a right leader appointed who can shape conflicts in a positive direction to help teams achieving the synergy. which is the most desired element of team performances. Therefore, I will never shy away from such situation rather I will take first move to make team talk about it. References Aki, S., Mila, H. (2012). Building Trust in High-Performing Teams. Technology Innovation Management Review, Iss June 2012: Global Business Creation, Pp 38-41 (2012), (June 2012: Global Business Creation), 38. Brockmann, E. (1996). Removing the paradox of conflict from group decisions. Academy of Management Executive, 10(2), 61-62. doi:10.5465/AME.1996.9606161555. Clark, C., Clark, B. (2015). Is the Sum of the Parts Greater Than the Whole? Skill vs. Synergy. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 14(2), 23-35. De Dreu, C. W., Weingart, L. R. (2003). Task versus relationship conflict, team performance, and team member satisfaction: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(4), 741-749. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.4.741. Gibbs, G. (1988) Learning by Doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods. Oxford: Oxford Polytechnic Further Education Unit. Hamlin, A., Jennings, C. (2007). Leadership and conflict. Journal of Economic Behavior Organization, 64(1), 49-68. Langfred, C. W. (2007). The Downside of Self-Management: A Longitudinal Study of the Effects tf Conflict on Trust, Autonomy, and Task Interdependence in Self-Managing Teams. Academy of management journal, 50(4), 885-900.doi:10.5465/AMJ.2007.26279196 Lencioni, P. M. (2010). Overcoming the five dysfunctions of a team: A field guide for leaders, managers, and facilitators (Vol. 16). John Wiley Sons. Mitchell, R., Boyle, B. (2015). Professional diversity, identity salience and team innovation: The moderating role of openmindedness norms. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(6), 873-894. doi:10.1002/job.2009. Phillips, C. (2011). Managing team conflict. Center for Human Systems. Retrieved from http://www. chumans. com/human-systems-resouces/managing-teamconflcit. Htmlip. Riener, G., Wiederhold, S. (2016). Team building and hidden costs of control. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 1231-18.doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2015.12.008

The War of 1812 Essays -- History, The Battle of Baltimore

The War of 1812 The War of 1812 was fought between the United States and Great Britain. This all started on June 12, 1812 and finished sometime in 1815. Many of the battles were on land but also there were a lot of sea battles. The United States declared War because there were many different disputes among the two countries. The main target for the British is the American ships (War of 1812, 2). The battle of Baltimore was one of the most important battles of the war. The U.S. Naval forces were under Commodore Macdonough. They beat a British fleet at Lake Champlain. Baltimore was home of U.S. privateers and also, Baltimore was the third largest city in the U.S. On September twelfth, the British ships arrive at Baltimore. They were under command by General Ross(War of 1812, 2). The Battle of Raisin River was on January twenty first, 1813. General Winchester was the commander of the United States forces. In this battle, the U.S forces were in three different divisions in order to attack the British forces at the right time in Detroit. One of the groups went off mission and went to find food and a place to sleep because of the cold weather. There were 700 Kentuckians. They eventually went to a battle and captured a Frenchtown market and set up camp there. It was a very bad defense system. Because of that, they were attacked by 1,200 Brits and 1400 Indians. Around 15 U.S. troops escaped. At the end of the battle, the U.S had 100 dead and around 500 troops held captive. They then surrendered to British Colonel Henry A. Proctor (American History, 4). The Battle of Lake Erie was fought on September 10, 1813. The U.S. forces were under command of Perry. Th... ...ort Malden, but he failed to take it. He then moved on and the British had more troops moving in and Hull surrenders to the British (War of 1812, 1). The War of 1812 ended in 1815 (War of 1812 Web, 2). Some people say that the British won the war and the Americans lost but to me, it is an even match only because the Treaty of Ghent and most of the War was over by that reason. The Americans got a lot of respect for withstanding the British Empire. The country had a great outcome even though the American’s lost a lot of troops, the government help strong. There are many heroes in the War of 1812, but the most recognized ones are, Judah Touro, a Philanthropist, Jean Lafitte, a Buccaneer leader, Uriah Phillips Levy, the first Jewish Commodore of the U.S. Navy, and Captain Mordecai Myers, part of the 13th Pennsylvania Infantry (National Archives and Records, 3).

Management of Acid Rain

First of all, as the name suggests, acid rain is rain that is too acidic; with a pH of 5 or below. PH is based on the concentration of hydrogen ions. Acid Rain is caused by emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These major contributing pollutants come from factories, power plants, automobile exhaust, chemical fertilizers, and other sources. Acid rain harms man-made objects as well as humans, animals, plants, aquatic systems, soils, forest, and etc. The list goes on and on. Acid rain reaches the earth in five different forms: rain, snow, hail, sleet, or fog. There are also dry acidic particles that fall from the atmosphere. Most people do not think that acid rain is a big deal, but it is. There have been laws passed to help control this issue, but it has not helped the United States as much as it should have. In this report I will explain controversies in the past over acid rain and I will say a little bit about what is going on in the present. In the 1980†³s acid rain was a major environmental issue. Environmentalists believed that acid rain was poisoning lakes and killing fish in North America. Because the political debate was so fierce, and the scientific process was so acrimonious, Congress created what was then the country†s biggest environmental research project which consumed half a billion dollars in 10 years. Following this research project, Congress amended the Clean Air Act in 1990, which required polluters, mainly electric power companies, to reduce their emission of sulphur dioxide. After this act, the problem seemed to be solved. Now we have come to realize that acid rain has not at all disappeared. In many lakes across North America the water is less acidic, but there is no sign of recovery across the northeastern and midwestern United States-and there may not be for decades. Gene Likens, an ecologist at the Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, N.Y. quotes, † The problem is complex, and it has not gone away.† Here is a list of some of the effects of acid rain in aquatic ecosystems: v As the pH approaches 6.0, crustaceans, insects, and some plankton species begin to disappear. v As pH approaches 5.0, major changes in the makeup of the plankton community occur, less desirable species of mosses and plankton may begin to invade, and the progressive loss of some fish populations is likely, with the more highly valued species being generally the least tolerant of acidity. v Below pH of 5.0, the water is largely devoid of fish, the bottom is covered with undecayed material, and mosses may dominate the areas near the shore. v Terrestrial animals dependent on aquatic ecosystems are also affected. Waterfowl, for example, depend on aquatic organisms for nourishment and nutrients. As these food sources are reduced or eliminated, the quality of habitat declines and the reproductive success of the birds is affected. When a lake is too acidic, many fish, insects, amphibians, birds, plants, and etc. die. Eventually every form of life will die. Because the young fish are weaker than the fully-grown ones, a whole generation of young fish can die if the water is too acidic. Even if the fish were to survive the water, they may die because their food supply has decreased drastically because of the acid rain. Birds also suffer from this problem. They depend on the lakes for food, and when the lakes and fish are poisoned or dead, therefore the birds goes hungry. Aquatic systems are not the only things that are affected by acid rain. Humans, plants, forests, and a whole bunch if other things are too. Acid rain can harm us (humans) in several ways: v If the food we eat, the water we drink, and the air we breathe has come in contact with acid deposition, it can cause health problems for us. v Studies have shown that there is a link between acid rain and respiratory problems in sensitive populations such as children and asthmatics. v Also, acid rain can increase the levels of toxic metals such as aluminum, copper, and mercury in untreated drinking water supplies. Plants can be harmed by acid rain in many ways also. For example, it can alter the protective waxy surface of leaves, lowering disease resistance. Here are a few more examples: v It may inhibit plant germination and reproduction. v It accelerates soil weathering and removal of nutrients. v It makes some toxic elements, such as aluminum, more soluble. High aluminum concentrations in the soil can prevent the uptake and use of nutrients by plants. Its effects on animals are hard to assess. As a result of pollution-induced alteration of habitat or food resources, acid deposition may cause population decline through stress and lower reproductive success. Acid rain affects forests and soils. When sulphuric acid falls onto the earth, nutrients present in the soil are washed away. Aluminum, which is present in the soil, is released and this element can be absorbed into the roots of trees and plants. As a result, the trees and plants are starved to death as they are deprived of their vital nutrients such as calcium and magnesium. The needles of some trees will turn yellow because of this; eventually they will fall off. Besides just killing the trees and plants, they also, acid rain also makes them grow when they don†t have the proper nutrients. Also, trees are forced to grow well into late autumn when it is actually time for them to prepare for severe frosts in the winter. Man-made objects are also harmed. Rust can be formed on metal and statues, buildings, graves, and many other things can be ruined because of acid rain. Acid rain wears down rock structures down gradually, and can be devastating over a long period of time, sometimes causing bridges to collapse or become unstable. In conclusion, acid rain may not sound all that harmful, but it really is and it is not a subject to be taken lightly. There are some things that you can do to reduce the acidity in acid rain, so maybe this report will change your mind and make you think!