Hassan’s Story Essay

A. Baru is utilizing surface markings to distinguish the sexual orientation of a skull. What two significant sorts of surface markings do bones have? a. The melancholies and openings. B. For what reason are Liu and Hassan shocked to discover a metopic stitch on a grown-up skull? In which skull bone do metopic stitches happen? b. Since directly after birth the left side and right half of the frontal bone are joined by the metopic stitch. They were astounded on the grounds that this stitch ought to have vanished between the ages of six to eight years old. C. What sensitive skeletal structures are found inside the nasal pit that may be absent from an exhumed skull? c. The opposite plate D. How might Hassan and his group have the option to tell the times of the skeletal survives from the lady and child? d. By the four primary stitches, for example, coronal stitch, sagittal stitch, lambdoid stitch and squamous stitches. E. What highlights of the vertebral section would the bigger skeleton in the stone casket show to demonstrate it was female? e. The vertebral segment of a male in around 71 cm (28 in.) for a female the vertebral section of a female would be around 61 cm (24 in.) F. What bone in the neck district other than cervical vertebrae might be harmed during strangulation or neck injury? f. The hyoid bone. G. On the off chance that the bones of an individual found at the exhuming site were stirred up and out of grouping, how could the anthropologists figure out which vertebrae were cervical, lumbar or thoracic? g. Since the cervical bones are the littlest, the thoracic bones are bigger than the cervical bones, and the lumbar bones are the biggest. H. For what reason would bones with their hard structure, be dependent upon and give indications of the sickness that annihilated this network? h. Since bones will give indications of mileage and can likewise be additionally be tried. I. What structure goes through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae that would cause passing whenever harmed as in the child’s skeleton? I. Veins

Allan Bloom Clearly Distinguishes Between Prestigious Private Liberal

Allan Bloom plainly recognizes Prestigious Private Liberal Arts Colleges and State Universities in the Liberal Studies choice of his book, The Closing of the American Mind. He firmly accepts that the University needs to represent something. There is certainly not an away from of what an informed individual is, and it is the duty of a University to choose what subjects will be required by their understudies to acquire a degree. Allan Bloom portrays the lofty establishments as schools that should give liberal instruction. He characterizes the State Schools as universities that are to get ready masters to fit the orderly requests of this intricate society. He is attempting to infer that there is an issue with the present liberal investigations program with most colleges in the United States. He imagines that the different courses that are required are generally inconsequential to one another. He states two ways to deal with the liberal investigations issue, and he recommends his very own answer. The primary methodology is to enroll in a class to study each broad branch of the college. The subsequent methodology, which is normally turned somewhere around most of colleges, is to take composite courses. This is essentially a joining of a few offices into one course. His answer for the liberal investigations issue is the ?Great Books? approach. The Great Books approach is a rundown of by and large perceived old style messages that would be required by the understudies to peruse. In the event that this were the situation, at that point the understudies would not be constrained into the particular classifications of the college. All that the y would need to do is essentially perused the books. An inquiry that I have is the means by which would the understudies be tried on their understanding of the perusing. The educators couldn't simply accept that everybody read these books, not to mention get them. I feel that the understudies could simply go purchase these books at a book shop in the event that they needed to understand them, rather than paying educational cost to peruse these different books. Another issue that he addresses is the profound quality of liberal investigations. The two schools nearly need to feel remorseful for their own personal responsibility in bringing in cash and for ripping the understudies off. They realize that it would not take four years to graduate if we somehow managed to spend significant time in our major the entire time. He additionally feels that the uncertain understudy is a humiliation to the college. I don't concur with this in light of the fact that the understudy has most likely previously limited their decisions, and now simply attempting to pick the correct one. Generally, I concur with him that there might be a couple of liberal investigations issues, yet I don't have the foggiest idea whether his methodologies are the right responses to the issue.

Wait-List Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Wait-List Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Wait-List Update At this time, we have offered a limited number of students admission for fall term off the wait-list, and a little larger number of students spring admission off the wait-list. I do not have an exact number for these groups, and we are still waiting to hear back from a small number of these students we have contacted about the wait-list. Based on the Yes responses we have received so far, we have determined that we are not able to offer admission to any further students off the wait-list. If you are one of the small group of students who have been contacted by us concerning the wait-list and have not responded yet, you should do so as soon as possible, as we are still waiting on your response. The responses of these students will not impact any further offers, as we have been able to complete the class based upon the offers we have already made. For the group of students where we were not able to offer admission off the wait-list, we are sorry that we could not do so, and we wish you well at the college you have chosen. You will receive an email with this notification within a few days. Please remember that there are a number of reasons why we have made the decisions we did, and I would not be able to answer any comments asking why someone did or did not get admitted off the wait-list. Wait-List Update - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Wait-List Update Based on the overwhelming response of accepted freshmen submitting commitment deposits for the Summer/Fall terms of 2011, UGA will only be able to admit a very small number of freshman off the wait-list. It is expected that it will be less than 10 students who are admitted, and we will begin sending out this information in the mail to both the admitted students and the students for which we are not able to offer admission. The offers of admission will be shown on the myStatus page first (they should show up today, 5/19), followed later this week by the decisions where we could not offer admission. UGA only has a limited amount of space for freshman, from courses to residence halls and more, and we cannot move forward with any further offers of admission. Generally, the few students who were admitted were done so for Spring term and after communication with other offices on campus (for example, Landscape Architecture). We understand that this is not the decision that wait-listed students would like to hear, but hopefully you have all moved forward with a plan B option as both the University and I advised you to do at the beginning of the wait-list process. I do not suggesting contacting our office about this situation, as we are not able to change the decision. We wish you well at your other college options.

The South Korean Chaebol System And Its Impact On Countrys Economy Free Essay Example, 2000 words

Emerged due to favorable import license concessions, access to scarce foreign exchange and governmental properties seized from the Japanese formed part of the Korean state policy. Samsung, Korea s oldest chaebol, and the four other biggest conglomerates were established during this period. It was in the 1960s when the chaebols forged its strong partnership with the government. The Korean government identified talented entrepreneurs and systematically sponsored them by credit, trading licenses, tax advantages, and other measures. 73) The nature of this alliance between the state and the chaebols is fundamental in the Korean impressive economic performance seen from thereon. The government support, encouragement, and intervention resulted to what was called as the guided economic development wherein the government involvement enabled chaebols to monopolize spheres of activity and accumulate capital in order to finance diversification of production. According to Kong, democratization a nd economic liberalization policies did not break the interdependence of state and chaebols and that it even had the effect of strengthening the chaebols and generating new forms of collusion. 19) By the 1980s the top ten chaebols alone held 25 percent of Korea s manufacturing industry and the country s economy became heavily dependent on these huge conglomerates as chaebols expand and developed sectors such as shipbuilding, heavy engineering, consumer electronics and, more recently, automobiles. We will write a custom essay sample on The South Korean Chaebol System And Its Impact On Country's Economy or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now 35) (See Appendix 2)An underlying issue in regard to the chaebol-government alliance is the fact that such relationship has been institutionalized, characterized by political and legal foundations. It underscores how the economic sector in Korea is integrated into the political sphere or vice versa. This is highlighted, for instance in the way chaebols gain the advantage, say, in the aspect of competition. Chaebol as a favored player by the government in important industries such as the heavy and chemical industries enjoyed oligopoly rents and received preferential policy loans at subsidized interest rates. Ideally, bigger chaebol, with good track records, was regarded as much more reliable than small/medium size enterprises, by bureaucrats who were afraid of risk and preferred visible quantitative growth. (Lee 1997, p. 38)

Welfare Of The Government Aid - 2277 Words

Have you ever really questioned the amount of misusage of the Government aid? If so, did you know that Welfare misuse is more common then any average person may think. According to welfareinfo.org, 434,977 people are currently being aided with finical help with the United States. Which is only this year, it will only increase as the years go by. That isn’t only a lot of money that is being deducted by hard working people, but at least half of it is being misused. The start of what we today know as Welfare was created long before today’s programs we know were created. When looking up the definition of Welfare it is defined as financial support given to people in need. (Dictionary). These programs were created to aid those in need.†¦show more content†¦The result of this easy way out of it’s easy way out. Is encouraging many who do not need welfare to apply for it. Cause the requirements to receive assistance are minimal. â€Å"The way that companies su cceed is through using effective language in their advertising.† (Frank Luntz). Luntz explains that some of the most prosperous companies are those who sell to multiple kinds of audiences such as age, class, and race because they are able to create a much bigger and better selling platform. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has been running radio ads encouraging people to enroll. How better of a ways to grow their company, then advertising nation wide with commercials. That isn’t only getting to the younger generation but all generation. That is why awareness needs to be brought to this worldwide crisis that constantly continues to be brushed under the rug. There is stigma of this government program that is preventing it from ever being more then that of its stigma. Welfare is simply a way for Americans who are not financially stable, to be provided with government-assisted aid without little to no effort on their behalf. The process to apply to receive welfare is fairly simple. Any person and apply to receive it. One of the most common misusage of Welfare is the Food stamps program. This program is one the most commonly use of aid by recipients under welfare. It’s ability of fabricating the application form is simple. Which is why a lot of the people under this

Nandos Free Essays

string(32) " meet those of the competition\." Nandos ________________________________________________________ Nando’s, is a well-known fast food restaurant which was found in 1987 in South Africa. Nando’s is specializing in chicken, especially its unique Mozambican-Portuguese style of Peri-Peri Flamed Grilled Chicken. Nando’s opened its first international strore 12 years ago and the Nando’s Peri-Peri trail has blazed from South Africa across the seas to other 22 countries, comprising 400 stores worldwide. We will write a custom essay sample on Nandos or any similar topic only for you Order Now The signature menu item at Nando’s is a Portuguese specialty, Peri-Peri chicken which has a truly unique taste. Delicious alternatives and additions to Peri-Peri chicken include chicken breast burgers and pitas, prego steak rolls, vegetarian and bean burgers, chicken livers etc. Businesses today face three major challenges and opportunities which of course, as an international company, Nando’s is also facing the same challenges which bring opportunity to the business: Globalization, Technological Advancement and Outsourcing. Further details will be discussed in the following. Globalization, Technological Advancement and Outsoucing _______________________________________________________ Globalization is the growing integration of economies and societies around the world and legal system. That make people around the globe are more connected to each other than ever before. At a business level, we talk globalization when companies decide to take part in the emerging global economy and establish themselves in foreign market. Globalization means a company will adapt their products or services to the final user’s linguistic and cultural requirement. Then, take the advantage of the internet revolution and establish a virtual presence on the international marketplace with a multilingual corporate website or even as an e-business. Nando’s first created in South Africa and had a fast development overseas. Nando’s has decided to go to an international market. Different stages in term of globalization are possible. Nando’s has acquired overseas outlets and branches. Nando comprises 400 stores worldwide with 176 stores in South Africa and the rest in international markets. It plan to have rolled out excess of 600 quick service restaurants to world wide within 3 years serving peri-peri marinated, flame grill chicken and associated food items under the Nando’s brand name. In our opinion, globalization of Nando’s brings the greatest opportunities for higher economic growth and better living standards that more openness bring, policymakers to international, national and local. Chief executive Robbie Brozin had anticipated the fast food chain to introduce Nando’s unique flamed-grilled chicken to world wide. Nowadays, Nando’s already establish many restaurants in Asian like Singapore and`Malaysia. To define the models of strategy used, the four P components of the Marketing Mix will help us understand nando’s view. Nando’s needs have a big promotion for their products to create a successful global brand. The first promotion of their product is advertised their grill-chicken by using the poster method. They provide four-different color chicken and create a slogan for their brand â€Å"We’re all the same on the inside, Pauline†. Then it used a radio advertisement featuring a soon-to-be-grilled chicken parodying a recording made by Hanson. A vital part of low cost marketing strategy is to be flexible and topical and grab channel as soon as they arise to influence out of the publicity. Nowadays, Nando’s also create a website to introduce their tradition proteges food to world wide. Consumers can also download Nando’s peri-peri chicken recipes if they are interest to it. In Malaysia, the most attractive promotion is the Nando’s have classified their peri-peri chicken to four flavors, that is lemon-herb, mild peri-peri, hot peri-peri, extra hot peri-peri. These promotion is aim to attract the people who interest to challenge for the level of spicy of Nando’s peri-peri chicken with their spicy chilly sauce. Beside the well-known of the brand, its products are well-positioned for international growth because of the healthier image of grill chicken. The famous food of the Nando’s is their peri-peri chicken. The chicken are butterfly-cut and marinated for 24 hours before they are flame-grilled to succulent perfection and are basted with your choice of peri-peri flavour when order are taken. Nando’s are not change the recipe to prepare the peri-peri chiken while the peri-peri chicken is introduce to different countries because they want the consumer to enjoy a traditional Afro-Portugnese styled eating experi-perience and knowing the culture of their food at Nando’s. They are also ensuring that the ingredients to prepare the chicken are positive effect on life. For an example, the well known Nando’s peri-peri chicken has a high content of vitamin C and their peri-peri chicken release endorphins. By the way, they are only using A-grade chickens, which are trimmed of any excess fat before cooking. Thereafter, the chicken is flame-grilled on custom designed grills, which burn away most of the remaining fat. This means that Nando’s chickens are low in fat and cholesterol. The results of recent nutritional research have confirmed that Nando’s has a lot to crow about when it comes to health. However, comparing to its competitors, Nando’s has the advantages to provide a better quality and speed. As explained by Hume, they want to be the best, not the biggest. They found a niche market where they can develop their product. Nando’s not only recognize their food to the global, they are also promise that the Nando’s experience is universal. They ensure that consumers will find the same warm friendly service delicious chicken and a relaxed informal atmosphere when they walk in anyone of Nando’s restaurant. Beside that, Nando’s also want kids to share in the Nando’s experience, so they have special non-spicy flavour especially for children. They are intended that everyone can enjoy wonderful food and service in the restaurant In order to achieve globalization and challenge with the international competitors, Nando’s have to set their own price for each product. So, Nando’s have five options to review pricing strategy. First, adopt a ‘bugger them’ attitude and keep your prices as they are. Second, slash your prices to undercut the undercutters. This two option could find yourself in the bankruptcy court. Third, adjust your prices downward to meet those of the competition. You read "Nandos" in category "Papers" Forth, increase your prices and target a niche market. Select options three and four and need the financial clout to outlast the competition. The best bet is option five that is cut costs to lower your prices and add value to customer service. It involves using resources (human and material) more efficiently. It may involve restructuring organization from top to bottom. It will certainly involve developing a customer service culture. Nando’s will choose their restaurants located in the high population location. This restaurant is under franchise whereby, this restaurant can find it in certain place. Normally, we can easily find it in Midvalley, KLCC, 1-Utama. As a consumer, the cheap and better food is a first choice to them. It can not be denied that this restaurant is very convenient to consumer because after shopping, and then can enjoy this famous restaurant. The alternatively is this restaurant is very suitable for those people who are run out this means for the working people, this kind of people only 1 hour to enjoy their lunch, therefore, this restaurant is the better choice for them, because, the restaurant has this concept ‘ fast, cheap, near, convenient, best services, fair’. This concept really attack attention for this kind of people. If we discuss the convenient place which the restaurant is located? The question wants to ask that, what the ordinary people are regards as the convenient place. It can not be denied that everyone can but car, bus, taxi, LRT, to the nearest shop which the restaurant. The especially go through by LRT it is most convenient for people whatever go to certain destination. Therefore, due to this convenient of the traffic, the indirectly can promote he restaurant to people about the special food, special services and so on. The indirectly the special rest6aurant will also one of the food in this restaurant because of the convenient which to improve the business of the restaurant. Therefore, the convenient place is very important point. As we know that the changes foreseen over the next decade or two will be more comprehensive and have a higher degree of impart on every aspect of our lives than has ever been witnessed. Technology is advancing exponentially and the rate of advancement is accelerating; it is impossible to throttle back innovation and technological advancement. We need to approach policy decisions with a new predictive model that is built upon fact-based assessments. However, technology also provides the capabilities for countries to defend themselves- thus creating some degree of security. When we look at the rate of technological advancement or progress, we can see as time passes the technologically advanced and technologically disadvantaged to increase. Thus, a very good example is Nando’s UK. Nando’s UK is different to the other Nando’s chains world-wide in that its 70 odd stores are not franchises but directly owned and managed. Nando’s UK started with a range of line-of-business applications and separate Web-enabled solutions, all requiring professional developers to update. Basic changes required HTML and other development skills. This process made timely posting of content more difficult than it should have been, and the Intranet was not being used as effectively as it should have been as an internal marketing, communication and management platform. The solution had to have a single point of call, be easy to update, expandable, secure, utilizing the current structure with the ability to evolve, and be scalable. Nando’s IT department had built an earlier Intranet solution in-house. This experience had taught them the importance of security and authentication of users together with flexible user management within an expandable navigational structure. They also thoroughly understood all of the technical issues and problems and realized that the solution to these issues had to be esigned into the system at a fundamental level. When they went to market for a solution they knew how difficult and expensive it would be to develop an in-house solution and that there was no point in reinventing the wheel if there was a flexible system already in existence that could meet their requirements or could easily be adapted. High on their priority list was a solution that had already solved the problems of security, authentication, and int erfacing with third party applications allowing consistent branding. In addition they wanted a system that did away with the need for HTML staff to update content and allowed them to target these skills on enhancements. Non-technical users needed an easy-to-use application that would allow them to create and publish, directly to the site in a matter of minutes. In addition, the solution needed to be flexible and extendible so it could dynamically evolve to reflect changes within the company. Nando’s UK identified other requirements as the project evolved which ActiveWeb was flexible enough to address to produce a value for money solution to meet their needs. Furthermore, ActiveWeb responded to this brief enthusiastically and with a commitment which impressed Nando’s staff. For example, the project management had the technology expertise to instinctively understand what Nando’s wanted to achieve and how it could be achieved using ActiveWeb CMS. They had already solved the problem of ease of use security branding and expandability. Besides that, the ActiveWeb CMS solution empowered Nando’s content contributors to take control of their own content and take a far more proactive role in terms of prompting their individual areas. Moreover, the ActiveWeb cms is a NET development which ensures Nando’s has invested in a future [proof technology solution which can be integrated with back office systems, when required, with the Intranet and Extranet. Outsourcing is purchasing a significant percentage of intermediate components from outside suppliers. Furthermore, this also refers to a company buying services from another firm. For example, if company X is outsourcing its e-commerce services, it means that it is relying on another company to do this job rather than doing it internally with its own employees and resources. Many companies, like IBM, outsource much of their production to Taiwanese firms. In addition, outsourcing is the transference to third-parties, the performance of functions once administered in-house. Outsourcing is really two types of service: ITO – IT Outsourcing, involves a third party who is contracted to manage a particular application, including all related servers, networks, and software upgrades. BPO – Business Process Outsourcing features a third party who manages the entire business process, such as accounting, procurement, or human resources. In this case, Nando’s has taken Portuguese food to the world. For decades during the twentieth century, tens of thousands of people emigrated from Portugal, some to search for better lives, others to escape desperate poverty. And with them went much of Portugal’s entrepreneurial spirit. Initially, the migrants were fleeing a military dictatorship which governed the country for almost half the century: Under the rule of Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, wealth was greatly concentrated in the hands of a small upper class, leaving the rest of the population without the spare cash or opportunity to ever consider large scale business propositions. After the military leaders were toppled in 1974, ending 48 years of dictatorship-ideas about profits and free enterprise were further curbed for years by the country’s left-wing rules. But now the entrepreneurs are back, as symbolized by the rapid rise of the popular Nando’s chain of spicy chicken restaurants-â€Å"official taste of Portugal 2004†. ________________________________________________________ From the opportunities offer, Nando’s has now operated in the fiercely competitive international markets for years. It has stood the test of time and today it is an international high-street brand trading successfully in many different international countries with equally diverse cultures and customer needs. The Nando’s culture and chosen empowerment style has proven to be particularly suitable in adapting to this global expansion path. How to cite Nandos, Papers

Odysseus A Good Leader Essay Sample free essay sample

Odysseus is a good leader because he ever faces obstructions caput on. Odysseus went to war in Troy. After many old ages the war is over and Odysseus starts his journey place. In â€Å"The Odyssey† . Odysseus begins his journey place facing nature. monsters. and Gods. With his accomplishments in all ways of postulating. Odysseus survived the journey place and returned to Ithaca. In the undermentioned essay I will state you why Odysseus is a good leader and the traits that makes him so. Those traits are his cautiousness. inventiveness. and his bravery. One of the traits that makes Odysseus a good leader is his cautiousness. Without his cautiousness he and his work forces would hold died right off. An illustration of this is when he entered Polyphemus’s cave. [ â€Å"Why non take these cheeses. acquire them stowed. come back. throw unfastened all the pens. and do a tally for it? We’ll drive the childs and lambs aboard. We will write a custom essay sample on Odysseus: A Good Leader Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We say put out once more on good salt H2O! Ah. how sound that was! Yet I refused. I wished to see the cave man. what he had to offer no pretty sight. it turned out. for my friends. † { 900 } ] Another illustration of this is when they approached the Sirens. Odysseus ordered his work forces to set beeswax in their ears so they won’t crash the ship. The last and best illustration might be when he got home to Ithaca. He didn’t first-come-first-serve place right off. but stayed back and idea of program. If he would hold rushed place he would hold been killed by the suers. Without his cautiousness. Odysseus and his crew would hold been pressed into more unsafe state of affairss and died. Odysseus is really cautious and he would non hold proceeded without a program. The 2nd traits that makes Odysseus a good leader is his inventiveness. Odysseus inventiveness got him and his crew out of gluey state of affairss. One illustration is when he told Polyphemus his name was Nohbdy. ( â€Å"Cyclops. you ask my honest name? Remember the gift you promised me and I shall state you. My name is Nohbdy ; female parent. male parent. and friends. everyone call me Nohbdy. Pg. 904 Line 358-361 ) . This was really cagey of him. When Odysseus and his work forces stabbed Polyphemus in the oculus. the Cyclops called out to his brothers stating them â€Å"Nohbdy† stabbed him in the oculus. Thinking this was a gag. his brothers didn’t come to assist him. If Odysseus would hold used his name. Polyphemus brothers would hold finished off Odysseus. his crew. and his hopes of returning place. Another illustration is when Odysseus had to contend the goddess Circe in order to turn his work forces back to worlds. On the manner. the god Hermes gave Odysseus a charming works called a moly to assist protect him from Circe’s enchantment. Circe was caught off guard when she noticed her enchantment had no consequence on him. Odysseus got Circe to turn his work forces back to worlds by holding sexual intercourse with her. Being clever is a trait that any good leader should hold because it’s sometimes unpredictable. Last but non least. Odysseus best trait that makes him such a effectual leader is his bravery. No affair what obstacle Odysseus had to face. he faced it caput on. He stood up against monsters. Gods. and even Mother Nature. He fought the goddess Circe when she turned his work forces into swines. ( â€Å"Without a word. I drew my sharpened blade and in one edge held it against her pharynx { 920 } ) The best illustration might hold been when he stood his land against the suers who tried to get married his Penelope and take his throne. ( â€Å"Not for the whole hoarded wealth of your male parents. all you enjoy. lands. flocks. or any gold put up by others. would I keep my manus. There will be killing till the mark is paid. You forced yourselves upon this house. Fight your out. or run for it. if you think you’ll flight decease. I doubt one adult male of you teguments by. Pg. 943 Line 1281-1287 ) Without Odysseus ‘s bravery he would non hold survived his unreliable journey p lace. In decision. Odysseus fought and outsmarted his manner place. He was cautious. clever. and fearless. If Odysseus wasn’t such a good leader and didn’t have those traits. he would non hold reached his place. Ithaca.

Syllabus free essay sample

Learning Outcome Results: By the end of the semester, students will be able to: *Understand responsibility for creating a successful college experience. *Connect with resources that support their academic, career and personal goals. *Demonstrate familiarity with college organizations, regulations, rules, and support services. *Develop a personal academic plan. *Set, pursue, and achieve academic and personal goals. *Manage time more efficiently to reduce stress. *Become more culturally competent *Learn communication and conflict resolution strategies. *Develop problem-solving and decision-making skills.Read a textbook with improved understanding and retention. *Listen with comprehension, to a lecture. *Take effective notes. *prepare for and take tests. *Assess and improve general wellness habits. *Explore career possibilities and aptitudes. Instructional Methodology: Because of the interactive nature of this course, a variety of instructional methodology will be used including but not limited to: lectures, group discussions, group activities, guest speakers, exploration activities, and the use of computer and web functions: Students will have an opportunity to tap into their creativity to further enrich learning. We will write a custom essay sample on Syllabus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Cell Phones: Cell Phones and testing are not allowed in class which means I do not want to see your cell phones during class time. Make your family and friends aware of your class time. You are not to be going in and out of class to talk on your cell phone. If so, I am going to ask you to leave class and mark you absent. Special note: Your syllabus is a legal binding contract between you and your instructor and may be subject to change. College Policy: Code of Conduct: All students should review and adhere to the Student Code of Conduct manual that is found at: http://www. Award. Du/ PDF Rules and regulations are located in the handbook. You are in college. You will be treated and respected as an adult. Discipline problems are not tolerated. ANY discipline problem will be dealt with swiftly and permanently. First a conference will be held with the professor. Second, if behavior continues you will be referred to the Dean of Student Affairs. Third, if behavior in class is at the point Of no control, security will be called to remove you from the class.Attendance/Tardy: Realizing that student success in college is largely dependent on attending lass, it is imperative that you make an effort to attend every class. On certain occasions, circumstances may arise such as sickness, family issues, childcare and unavoidable transportation problems. In such cases it is your responsibility to contact the instructor. Students will be required to meet with your instructor outside of class time and make-up work missed due to absence.Class begins promptly at the time specified on your schedule. Students who fail to attend class the first two weeks after add/drop will be reported and withdrawn (WIN). Students who subsequently stop attending would be withdrawn with a (W) with the last date of attendance clearly referenced. Those who disappeared prior to the 60% mark, having received financial aid, will incur liability. Students who quit after the 60% mark must receive a grade of WE. Please remember F grade must be earned. Do not award As to students for failure to attend class. Government audits require that F grades be substantiated with faculty records that prove poor student performance. Attendance Policy/Students Responsibility Relative to Nan-penalized Absences: Non-Class Days. Owing to unanticipated circumstances that are ended anyones control or when concerns are raised about the safety and/or security of the students, faculty, staff, and/or facilities, the President of his/ her designed has the authority to close a campus or the College.For purposes of grading and attendance policies, the day(s) during which the campus/ College is closed shall be considered a non-class day(s). When this occurs, each Faculty member shall determine how best to make-up the lost time. Non-penalized Absences. There shall be no penalty for a student who is absent from academic activities because of religious holy day observances in is/her own faith, the students serious illness, death in the immediate family, or attendance to statutory governmental responsibilities.Student Responsibilities Relative to Non-penalized Absences. A student shall notify instructors in advance of absence(s) to observe a religious holy day(s) in his/her own faith, and shall likewise notify instructors in advance of other absences when practicable under the circumstances. Death in the immediate family/ shall be interpreted to mean mother, father, spouse, child, brother, sister, grandparents or grandchildren. Statutory governmental susceptibilities refer to such matters as jury duty, subpoena for court appearance, or unplanned military obligation.I a non-penalized absence occurs on the first day of class, the student shall notify the instructor Of the reason for his/her absence at the next class meeting. Documentat ion for non- penalized absences shall be presented by the student should the faculty member request it. The student shall be responsible for the material covered in his/her absence and shall be granted a reasonable amount of time to make up any work or test missed for non-penalized absences. Withdrawals: This course is required and withdrawal from this class can affect your entire semester schedule.According to the college withdrawal procedure if you stop attending class prior to withdrawal date, you will be administratively withdrawn from a class and receive a W, or, if it is your third attempt, an F. If you stop attending class after the withdrawal date, you will receive a WFM that will then be computed as an F in your Grade Point Average. TO avoid this situation, you should remain an active learner in this class and always communicate extenuating circumstances to me. Ongoing communication tit the instructor is critical to your course success.The last day to drop a course is October 31 the 2012. With my permission, you can change from credit to audit through October 31 the 2012. To receive the audit designation (EX.) on your transcript, you MUST attend class regularly. I will not assign either W or XX grades once both deadlines have passed. If you stop attending class and participating in class discussions, submitting assignments or fail to take quizzes or test prior to the withdrawal date, you will be administratively withdrawn from class and receive a W or an F if it is our third attempt. You withdraw through the Registrars Office (online) on or before that date, you will receive a grad of W. If you simply stop attending class and do not withdraw yourself through the proper channels, you will receive an Academic Honesty Policy/BC College Catalog: Broad College expects its students to be honest in all Of their course work and activities. Breaches of academic honesty include cheating plagiarism and misrepresentation, bribery, and the unauthorized possession of examination papers or other class materials that have not been formally released by instructor.A students academic work must be the result of his or her own thought, research or self-expression. Cheating includes, but is not limited to: copying the work of another person (Plagiarism) or permitting your work to be copied by another person, discussing test answers or questions with people who have not completed the test, distributing assignment materials to other students, poses same course materials that have not been formally released to students in the course, and collaborating on the completion of assignments not specifically designated in the syllabus as being group projects.Examples: 1 ) If it appears that two or more students have submitted the same material for any solo assignments, each student involved will receive zero points for that assignment. 2) If it appears that a student has copied an assignment from published materials (including Internet sites), the student will receive zero points for that assignment Breaches of Broad Colleges policy on academic honesty may result in academic penalties and/or disciplinary action.At the discretion of the instructor, academic penalties may include, but are not limited to, a failing grade for the course. In addition, the instructor or another BC employee may refer a student to the Dean of Student Affairs for disciplinary action in accordance with BC Student Handbook. Such discipline may include suspension or expulsion from the college.Special Needs: Students having special needs as defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act (DAD) should: Inform the instructor and contact the office of Disability Services (Office of Disability Services) at 954-201-7492 so that reasonable and appropriate accommodations can be implemented. Us port Services: Broad College has a considerable variety of support services available to dents such as computers for student use and support labs for college prep classes. Evaluation and Grading Scale: You must meet all course requirements in order to pass this course. Syllabus free essay sample Well cover the major genres used in business writing and survey the methods and distinctive theatres of effective professional communication. My goal is for you to leave this course ready to write persuasive memos, reports, and letters in the workplace and effective essays, case studies, and correspondence within the BAS program of study. My office hours can be found on my faculty weapon at http://tiny. Com/frowzy. Encourage you to contact me if you plan to come by, as Im often in meetings on campus.I am happy to meet with you on campus, via telephone, or via Keep. Please email or call if youd like to make those arrangements. I will do my best to return phone calls within 24 hours. Course Description This course emphasizes the basics of business writing while reviewing the various kinds of written business correspondence. Students are expected to integrate business decision-making and analytical thinking skills into the content. We will write a custom essay sample on Syllabus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Students must be able to determine solutions to problem-based exercises.PR: ONCE 1101 or equivalent; junior level status or permission of the chair is required. (This course number was formerly GAB 3212). 4, SSP US. Learning Outcomes and Methodology By the end of this course, you will be able to: Recognize and illustrate how business writing affects business outcomes. Draft workplace-appropriate documents in accordance with the Plain Language Movement Master the basic features of business writing genres including letters, reports, proposals, and memoranda Prepare and deliver effective media and technology based presentations. Write collaboratively in a team Select and/or create reader-centered information graphics and visually appealing page designs Demonstrate the strengths and weakness of communicating using different mediums (electronic, telephone, fax, letter) Integrate concepts from other BAS courses will guide you in an active learning environment and you are expected to allow this guidance to influence other classmates in a positive manner. You will utilize all six of the following levels of learning: 1. Knowledge recall and memorization 2. Comprehension -? the ability to paraphrase and interpret information in your own words 3.Application use knowledge in a new situation 4. Analysis break down knowledge into parts and show interrelationships 5. Synthesis bring together parts of knowledge to form a whole 6. Evaluation make judgments based on given criteria These six methods allow us to integrate real-world applications, life experience, and instructional materials into the course. Texts and Materials Required: Boer, S. (2005). Contemporary Business Communication (6th De. ). Houghton Muffling. ISBN 0-618-47252-5. You can lease this text for $25 through membership in the BAS club.Club membership requires a one-time $20 donation, after which you can lease all the books in the BAS program. Call Cindy at 386-506-3086 for details. Additional required readings may be provided via PDF online. Recommended: Writers Workbench Version 8. 3. All students in the BAS program are encouraged to purchase and utilize the Writers Workbench software to improve writing skills throughout the curriculum. Faculty expect you to use this software to improve your grammar, sentence structure, punctuation, and spelling. You can purchase the software by viewing www. Worcestershire. Mom. The cost is approximately $119. You can use this software for free at our BAS computer lab, in the libraries on most campuses, and in the Academic Support Centers. Course Policies 1 . Disclaimer: Teaching policies and regulations for this course are not open for discussion or negotiation. This syllabus has been constructed to be as complete as possible but is by no means a binding document. Reserve the eight to alter policies, procedures, and the syllabus as needed. Please utilize the course website regularly as any changes to the syllabus will be posted there. . Assignment Submissions: This course is organized by weeks. Assignments for each week are generally due on Sunday nights at 1 1 :pm (dates are on the course schedule). Assignments must be submitted to the dropped. Only submit ONE document per week (that means do all of your assignments and activities in ONE document). Just put a few spaces and a heading before each section. Label that document like this: Electromagnetisms#. So if my name is Meghan Griffin and its Week 6, my document should be saved as GriffinMeghanWeek6.Submit documents as Word attachments. If you dont have Microsoft Word, save your documents in Rich Text Format (. RTF). Five points will be deducted from each assignment that is submitted without following these guidelines. 3. Communication: I expect you to keep up with course email regularly. Will send announcements and information using this feature. You can expect me to respond to emails and voice mails within 3 business days. You can expect me to grade your assignments within 2 weeks after they are submitted. You must login to Florida Online every 48 hours. Be sure to post in the discussion boards as required on the course schedule. 4. Attendance and Lateness Policy: Due to the accelerated nature of our program, attendance is an absolute requirement. I expect you to be present for every class period. Assignments and activities missed during an absence cannot be made up. Your grade will be impacted by missing class. For online courses, this means that you need to participate every week and complete each weeks assignments as they are scheduled. 5.Late Work/Make-up Work and Exams: If you miss an assignment deadline, I will accept it up to one week late for no more than half credit (that means a 20-point assignment that is late-?even by one minute-?and perfect can only receive 10 points). I do not offer make up work or make up exams except in the case of documented medical emergencies. As in the workplace, timeliness is an essential indicator of performance. Plan ahead, manage your schedule wisely, and submit early to avoid last-minute technology glitches. Timeliness is essential in professional communication. 6.Academic Integrity Policy (see student handbook pages 7-13 http:// www. Demonstrate. Du/regret/files/student_handbook. PDF) a. Daytona State College is committed to providing you with quality instruction, guidance, and opportunities for academic and career success by fostering academic excellence in a supportive and personalized learning environment. Maintaining high standards of academic honesty and integrity in higher education is a shared responsibility and an excellent foundation for assisting you in making honorable and ethical contributions to the profession for which you are preparing. In order to preserve academic excellence and integrity, the College expects you to know, understand, and comply with the Academic Integrity Policy, which prohibits academic dishonesty in any form, including, but not limited to, cheating and plagiarism. Grades conferred by instructors are intended to be, and must be, accurate and true reflections of the coursework actually produced and submitted by you. B. All cases of suspected violations of the Student Code of Conduct, including academic dishonesty, are reported to the Judicial Affairs Office for resolution. C.Forms of Academic Dishonesty Cheating- Cheating can be defined as: receiving or giving unauthorized assistance on a quiz, test, exam, paper, or project or unauthorized use of trials to complete such; collaborating with another person(s) without authorization on a quiz, test, exam, paper, or project; taking a quiz, test, or exam for someone else or allowing someone else to do the same for you. Plagiarism -Plagiarism can be defi ned as: submitting work in which words, facts, or ideas from another source are used without acknowledging that the material is borrowed whether from a published or unpublished source. For specific information on how to document information from other sources, students should check with their instructors, academic departments, or a agonized writing manual, such as the MEAL or PAP Fabrication -Fabrication can be defined as: listing sources in a bibliography that one did not actually use in a written assignment; presenting false, invented, or fictitious data/ evidence in a written assignment. D.Other Academic Misconduct: Other Academic Misconduct might include, but is not limited to: In a testing situation, conduct, such as, looking at a classmates test, talking to a classmate, or leaving the classroom without the instructors or proctors permission. Obtaining by the theft/purchase OR selling/ giving part or all off est.. Entering an office or building for the purpose of changing a grade on a test, assignment, or in a grade book or for the purpose of obtaining a test. Altering or attempting to alter academic records of the College which relate to grades; being an acce ssory to same. . College Network Acceptable Use Policy: The purpose of this policy is to outline the acceptable use of the network and resources provided by Daytona State College and to establish a culture Of openness, trust, and integrity. Please make yourself very aware Of this policy by clicking these two links: http://www. Demonstrate. Du/regret/ files/student_handbook. PDF (College Network, pages 4-5). Http:// online. Demonstrate. Due/docs/acceptable_use. PDF (Florida Online) f. Financial Aid: please refer to your Falcon Mail account for up-to-date information regarding your financial aid.Check your account periodically. Direct financial aid questions to Mitch Pietas at 386-506-3515. Academic Support Center: The Academic Support Center promotes learning and helping students to achieve their potential by providing the resources needed to become successful and independent learners. Tutoring sections as a group or one-on-one, placement instruction, weekly learning sessions, and instructor assistance are available at the Centers. Centers are available on each campus. For locations and times, please go to http://. W. W. Demonstrate. Due/ass/ for more information. College Writing Center: The College Writing Center assists students, staff, and faculty to become better writers through face-to-face or virtual consultations (up to 45 minutes) and workshops. As the hub of writing at Daytona State, staff work with all writers at any stage of the writing process-?so whether youre brainstorming ideas for a psychology paper you event started yet, or youve revised a letter several times and you want a fresh perspective, you can bring it into the CSCW. We recommend scheduling an appointment because we tend to book up quickly; call (386. 506. 297) or visit our website (WV/. Demonstrate. Due/CSCW) for more information. Library Services: The library hosts books, e-books, videos, helpful handouts, library tutorials, advise for students, Ask A Librarian, and general internet resources that includes How to Write a Fascinating Thesis Statement, Ten Steps Towards Better Research, How Not to Plagiarism, etc. For more information go to http:// www. Demonstrate. Due/library/. Basis for Final Grade Overall grades will be determined using the schema below: Grading Scale (%) 90-100 87-89. 9 80-86. 9 77-79. 9 c. 70-76. 9 67-69. 9 60-66. D 0-59 Scores will not be rounded. Students must earn a grade of C or better in all BAS courses to meet program completion requirements. The final grade for Business English is a combination of reading responses, writing assignments, a final portfolio, a presentation, and participation. Each course component is weighted as follows: Assessment Percent of Final Grade Basic Business Correspondence (Team) Resume and Cover Letter Reflection Memo / Final Exam 20% Quizzes and Discussions Writing for the Web Project 25% 100% Grading Standards and communication An A text is exceptional.This is the kind of document that might lead to a promotion in the workplace. It is professional and reflects the writers careful consideration of audience and purpose. It contains all necessary information, is written in an appropriate and engaging style, is arranged in a logical manner, is memorable, and its delivery is visually appealing. It is free of mechanical errors. A text in the B range is strong. It would be considered acceptable in the workplace. It too is professional and reflects consideration Of the rhetorical situation.It is above average in terms style, arrangement, and delivery, but falls short of excellence in one or more category. It is free of mechanical errors. A text in the C range is competent. It would probably be returned for revision in the workplace. It is generally average in terms of the major criteria listed above. It has few mechanical errors. Low C or D work is weak. It would probably get the writer into a bad situation in the workplace. It falls below average in terms of one or more of the major criteria. F work fails in terms of one or more of these criteria.One or more of these texts would probably get a writer fired in the workplace. Grade Communication: Most major assignments will be submitted using the dropped function. Likewise, grades will be posted electronically via the graduated as soon as assignments are scored. It is your responsibility to keep track of your grades. Please let me know if you see a discrepancy. Schedule The following schedule is subject to revision: Week Date Reading Schedule and Assignments week 1 8/26 Chi 1-2 Assignments due Sunday 9/1 at 11:59 pm 1. Read chapters 1 and 2 2.Discussion post 1: introduce yourself in the Student Introductions board. This counts as your attendance this week. Tell us who you are, what you do for a living and/or for fun, and what you hope to accomplish in this course or in the BAS program. 3. Discussion 2: Five Communication Components. Look at Exercise 2 page 30 (Chi 1). Watch a TV show, play, or a movie and explain how the five components of communication were illustrated by the show/ movie you watched. You can use bullets points, but write your answer in complete sentences. Post your analysis in the discussion board. 4. Quiz on the syllabus. Look under the Quizzes tab and take the syllabus quiz. You MUST read the whole syllabus before taking the quiz. 15 questions, 30 minutes allowed, 2 attempts (highest grade will be taken). 5. There is a fundamental difference between the type of writing you have done in the past (essays, creative pieces) and professional writing. Business writing must be clear, correct, and brief. That means using simple, plain language. Spend about 45 minutes reviewing http://w. www. Phenylalanine. Gob/whitetails/ index. CFML. Review the samples from the No Gobbledygook Awards here: http://www. Languages. Gob/examples/award_winning/ gobbledygook. CFML. / Week 2 9/2 Chi 3-4 Assignments due Sunday 9/8 at 1 1:59 pm 1. Read Chapters 3 4 2. Grammar Quiz. (a) Review the Punctuation Review Worksheet punctuation Powering and Grammar Guides available under the content tab. (b) Look under the Quizzes tab and take the Grammar Quiz. 20 questions, 60 minutes allowed, 2 attempts (highest grade will be taken). 3. Basic Business Correspondence Assignment Teams Assigned-?begin developing a plan with your team within the discussion area.Review the Basic Business Correspondence assignment in the Content area of the course and begin immunization with your team in the discussion area about your plans for the assignment. 4. For those of you who need more practice with correct grammar, I suggest that you complete some of the quizzes below as you work through the course content. I suggest taking at least the following quiz Vs. 3, 76, 77, 80-89. You can access them at http://grammar. ICC. Comment. Due/ grammar/quiz_list. HTML Week 3 Chi 5-6 Assignments due Sunday 9/1 5 at 1 1 pm 1. Read chapters 5 and 6 2.Keep working on Basic Business Correspondence Assignment in your team 3. Word Usage/Business Correspondence Quiz. (a) after reading Chapters 5 ND 6 in our textbook, look at pages 603-608 (located in the back of the book under the Reference Manual Section A) to learn about the common errors in word usage. (b) Then, look at pages 611-619 describing the common features of business correspondence {such as e-mail, memos, and letters. Your quiz will come from the pas 603-608 and 611-619. (c) Look under the Quizzes tab and take the Word Usage/Business Correspondence Quiz. 0 questions, 60 minutes allowed, 2 attempts (highest grade will be taken). Week 4 9/16 Assignments due Sunday 09/22 at 1 1 pm 1 . Practice again the Punctuation Reminder Worksheet available under the News section of the course home page and review the answers to the worksheet before submitting the group business correspondence assignment. You do not have submit this worksheet for a grade, but you are responsible for knowing its content. Use it to refresh your memory about these aspects of grammar and usage. 2. Basic Business Correspondence Due to the Team Dropped Week 5 9/23 Chi 15, 11, 12 Assignments due Sunday 9/29 at 1 1 159 pm 1. Read chapters 15, 11, 12. Read Writing for the Web Assignment Sheet 2. A) Search online to find three Web sites that provide information to help build assumes and cover letters; (b) post the three Web site addresses to the discussion board (list all three sites in ONE posting per student) and a brief description of what that resume Web site contains so that other classmates can see what example sites youve found; (c) print and keep for your review at least one example resume and one cover letter for reference when you begin drafting your own. 3.Draft a Cover Letter describing why the employer should grant you an interview. This should be in response to an actual job posting or an actual job that you would like to obtain. If absolutely necessary, you can make up a job post. . Draft a Resume to accompany your cover letter. This is your chance to list your achievements and skills. Remember that resumes needs to be visually appealing, concise, and CORRECT. 5. Suggest posting drafts of your resume and cover letter to your team discussion areas for feedback before submitting them to me for a grade.Reviewing one anothers work will help you all to improve your professional documents. Keep in mind that providing feedback to your peers is part of your participation grade. For planning purposes, try to do this by Wednesday in order to get feedback and revise before final submission on Friday. Your final resume and cover letter must be submitted to me in the dropped by Friday at 1 1 :pm. 6. Read the Writing for the Web Assignment Sheet and begin performing your research.Visit the discussion boards to discuss progress with your classmates (this is not graded). Week 6 9/30 Chi 13,14 Assignments due Sunday 10/6 at 1 1 pm 1. Read chapters 13, 14, the Blobbing Facets handout, and the Writing for the Web PDF chapter 2. Complete your Writing for the Web project and submit to dropped 10/7 Assignments due WEDNESDAY 10/9 at 1 1:59 pm 1. Reflection Memo: Rather than taking a final exam, you will draft a memo of affliction detailing what youve learned in the course and how you will use it in the workplace.This 400-500 word memo should include some reflection on your experience this semester, some insights about what youve learned about professional writing, and explain how you will implement what youve learned in the BAS program and in your workplace. This is your opportunity to show me some evidence of your learning throughout the term. I am grading based on (1) professional writing style (including correct grammar and usage), and (2) evidence that you have synthesized material covered in the course. This is an individual assignment and you may not work together. Withdrawal Process: Although it is not necessary to have approval from the instructor to withdraw from the course, you should discuss the situation with the instructor. Many times the issue can be resolved with communication. You should also check with the Financial Aid office to determine how this withdrawal might affect your funding. If the decision has been made to withdraw, you should 1. Go to Falconer and login 2. Go to the Registration and Records Menu 3. Go to Class Registration and continue to the next page 4. Select the term you are registered for . Syllabus free essay sample If I do not receive it on time, you will not get credit for the assignment without time-stamped email proof that you sent it before it was due. Having trouble with your email, computer, or ISP is not an excuse for a late assignment. Attendance: Everyones presence is an intrinsic and vital feature Of the class. Even if you do not speak, your presence has an effect on what is said by others. Attendance can be the deciding factor for course grades on the borderline. Class Format: The class will be a combination of lecture, discussion, and practice. This format demands that students be well prepared for class.You do not have to understand all the readings before class, but you need to read all the readings before class and be prepared to ask questions about what you do not understand. Electronic Devices: No computers, cell phones, smart phones, Pads, pagers, or other electronic devices may be used in the classroom. We will write a custom essay sample on Syllabus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Please turn off all devices before class begins. Students with Disabilities: If you have a disability that may impair your ability to successfully complete his course, contact your instructor as soon as possible to arrange accommodations. GAL. has two programs that provide supports services to students with disabilities. Office of Disability Services http://view. Gus. Du/-?woods/ 404. 413-1 560 Accessibility At GIGS http://www. Gus. Du/-?m. N. Award/ 404. 464-9044 Students who wish to request accommodation for a disability may do so by registering with the Office of Disability Services (second floor in the Student Center; [emailprotected] Du). Students may be accommodated only upon issuance by the Office of Disability Services of a signed Accommodation plan ND are responsible for providing a copy of that plan to instructors of all classes in which accommodations are sought.ACADEMIC DISHONESTY: Failure of the course is the default departmental penalty for plagiarism, cheating on a test, copying someone elses work, letting someone else copy your work, or any other form of academic dishonesty. For example, copying someone elses standardization of an argument is a case of plagiarism and will result in failure of the course. You are encouraged to study for tests with your classmates, but all work turned in for credit must be either your own work, or correctly cited. If you use even a small part of a classmates work or a line from an online source, you must use proper citation.If you dont, you have violated Geol.s academic honesty policy. Finally, note that on assignments in this class, no outside sources are permitted for in-class tests or SES. Moreover, you are liable for further administrative action, which might include expulsion with notation on your permanent record. See the GUS Policy on Academic Dishonesty attached to this syllabus, available in the University Student Handbook, and found online at http://WV. Gus. Du/ -?wigwam/overview/index. HTML In addition, be sure you give due consideration to what it means to be a good friend!Not infrequently, students draw the natural but erroneous conclusion that allowing or facilitating a friends cheating is somehow helping that friend. FAR FROM IT! Good friends, truly good friends, help us to avoid cheating and any other kind of dishonesty. HOW TO DO WELL IN THIS COURSE: Come to Class and Come on Time: Because of the way grades are computed, and the fact that so much of the course is discussion based, your grade will suffer if you are not present for discussions, and your grade will be favorably affected if you are present. Study Outside of Class: 1 .A normal expectation is that undergraduate students will spend a minimum of two hours studying outside of class for every hour spent in class. 2. Since this course meets for 2 hours of class time each week, you should plan on spending at least 4 hours outside of class each week studying the material. It is also likely that it will take more than that amount of time to complete the readings in a manner sufficient to understand the material. Remember in Summer session, every day is equivalent to one week in a Fall or Spring term! Read the Assignments Multiple Times: Philosophy is demanding reading. Peck you to do all the readings before class and after class. We will not read a great many pages, but some of the readings might be dense or difficult to follow. First, read the work through quickly to get the general idea and to circle any words you dont understand. Then look up all the words you dont know and read the work again slowly. Third, after we cover the reading in class, read it again, slowly. Read. Rinse. Repeat. Final Notes: The course syllabus provides a general plan for the course; deviations may be necessary. Everything in this syllabus can change (and something always goes). Syllabus free essay sample Lon Kurashige and Alice Yang Murray, Major Problems in Asian American History (Houghton Mifflin Co. , 2003). ISBN 0618077340. 2. John Luther Long, Madame Butterfly (General Books, 2009). Available free online at http://xroads. virginia. edu/~hyper/long/contents. html 3. David Henry Hwang, M Butterfly (Dramatists Play Service, Inc. , 1998). 4. Lac Suh, I Love Yous Are for White People: A Memoir (P. S. ) (Harper Perennial, 2009). ISBN 978-0061543661. Grades – All grades are determined by your TA 20% Section participation 20% Paper 1 20% Paper 2 20% Midterm 20% Non-cumulative final exam What you should expect: Papers: You will be writing two papers. The first should include all relevant readings and lectures up to David Henry Hwang on the syllabus; the second should include all relevant materials up to and including Lac Suh. All papers should have a unique central argument and be between 4-6 pages in length. Please include an original title that reflects your argument, use 12 pt Times New Roman or Times only, and print double-spaced, double-sided. We will write a custom essay sample on Syllabus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All papers must be submitted in hard copy AND to turnitin. com. Students taking this course agree to this requirement. Your essay will be marked 1/3 step down for every day it is late. (Saturday + Sunday = 2 days. After class on the day due = 1 day. A 1/3 step is from an A to an A-, A- to B+, etc. ) Any requests for extensions will be decided by the TA except in extenuating circumstances. Essay 1: Which orientalist views does David Henry Hwang attack, and how effectively does he do it, in your opinion? Reference all relevant readings up to week 5 for this essay. Essay 2: What makes the concept of a â€Å"model minority† problematic and/or compelling in the twentieth century? Reference all relevant readings from weeks 5-10 for this essay. OPTION: You are welcome to turn in a traditional essay for this assignment. If you earned at least a B on your first essay, you may choose to make a short video between 5-7 minutes in length answering this same question and including at least 3 substantive, specific references to historical content from your readings. You may work with a partner if you choose to make a video. Both members of the group must have earned at least a B on the first essay. Prof. Kwak reserves the right to show your video in class if you choose this option. What is the purpose of these essays? What I am really looking for in these papers is first and foremost, your ability to articulate an original argument. Think carefully about what YOU want to say; do not just regurgitate. The second critical component of the essays is to demonstrate your understanding of the readings and to show me you know how to use quotes. Quotes should never be just put into your writing without explanation or discussion; each quote requires scrutiny, analysis. How will the optional video project be graded? The video project will be graded based upon three key criteria. First, does it clearly answer the central question? Second, are the three historical references used effectively and substantively? Third, how polished is the final product? Does it show careful thought, effort, and organization? Midterm and Final Exams: Midterm review sheets will be distributed exactly one week prior to the exam. Final exam review sheets will be distributed on the last day of lecture. You will not be tested on anything that is not on the review sheet. Exams will consist of short answers and fill-in questions. You should bring a blue book to both exams. Policy on lecture notes: I will not post or give out my lecture notes. Please do not ask for them. Powerpoint presentations will always be posted 24 hours AFTER the lecture. Academic honesty: Academic honesty is expected at all times. Any instance of plagiarism will be dealt with according to university and departmental policies. Schedule: FIRST HALF Week 1 Th 9/27 Course intro: What is Asian America? Week 2 Tu 10/2 Coolies, miners, and railroad workers Th 10/4 Nineteenth-century American orientalism Read for section: Major Problems, ch. 1. John Luther Long, Madame Butterfly Week 3 Tu 10/9 Labor and anti-Asian movements Th 10/11 Legal rights Read for section:

Book review on the Life of Frederick Douglass essays

Book review on the Life of Frederick Douglass essays Frederick Douglass was born a slave but through luck and perhaps divine intervention was allowed to live a life far different than his brethren. The tone of the book is that of a free man, instead of saying he was sold or sent to new masters he uses the euphemism went to live with... as if he were free in his own mind although he was still under the control of another. The overall theme of the book is neatly stated in the introduction ...its thematic strategy of linking freedom and literacy. The book describes in detail the horrors of slavery and his increasing desire to be free as he taught himself to read and write and by reading such books as The Columbian Orator. To make a person a slave there are several things that must be done that Douglass sees happening to maintain the slaves. One is to make the slaves think of freedom as terrible. Another is to keep the slaves too busy and helpless to even think about the inappropriateness of their condition. Lastly, making slavery seem right to the slaves is beneficial so there is no feeling of rebellion. Seeing freedom as terrible is something that we in America the land of the free have difficulty comprehending since our society hinges upon it. But in the case of slavery when the masters gave some freedom for special holidays, they made sure that the slaves abused themselves with their freedom to condition the slave into thinking that being on their own was not a good idea since bad things happened when they were given some liberty. For example, the masters would ensure that plenty of drinking took place to facilitate harmful behavior. The helpless condition was deepened by many of the slaves not having the spirit to think about their condition and what was wrong with it. Douglass had a similar experience himself. Even though he had learned how to read and had read inspirational books on the evils of slavery, there was a time when he was sent t...

Engineering vs. Engineering Technology Research Paper

Engineering vs. Engineering Technology - Research Paper Example Engineering technology can be described as being practice-oriented, stressing applications of engineering practice, laboratory experience competencies and engineering design. Looking at these two descriptions, one can note that a potential student will be confused by the overlap in these definitions. Therefore, students end up enrolling in one engineering program only to realize that they wanted to pursue the other. This paper seeks to compare engineering and engineering technology. Comparison First, let us examine the program guide characteristics. Engineering involves innovators while engineering technology involves doers or implementers. An innovator is an individual who is capable of interweaving knowledge of advanced math, natural and engineering sciences, and engineering principles and practices in solving an existing problem or to create a new product or system. On the other hand, a doer or implementer is an individual who applies the basic knowledge of mathematics, natural an d engineering sciences, current engineering practices and an understanding of economic principles in solving a design problem, operating and testing of engineering and manufacturing systems. Therefore, engineering technology is basically the implementation part of engineering. This means a person who pursues engineering technolog

Autism Spectrum Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Autism Spectrum Disorder - Essay Example The difficulty with ASD with regard to diagnosis is that there are no markers from biology to identify the condition, and so clinical interviews are the primary means of diagnosis (Skafidas et al. 2012). Moreover, as with other mental health conditions, the definition of the condition has been shifting, leading to changes as well in the way some of the conditions associated with ASD are viewed, diagnosed, and treated (Carey 2012; Wallace 2012). Be that as it may, there are universally accepted key markers for autism in general and for ASD in particular, including an inability to function well in social settings, due to shortcomings in skills tied to communication and general social skills (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 2013).   Moreover, the qualifications above notwithstanding, the medical literature is clear as to what the symptoms and signs of ASD are. Some of the literature classifies the symptoms along three categories, social skills, communication skills, and r eacting to the general outside reality. With regard to the third category, people with ASD show a lack of fear when facing danger, object attachments of unusual intensity, difficulties adjusting to routine alterations,   sleeping and eating problems, and movements of self-stimulation, such as rocking. Communication skills symptoms include problems with articulation of needs, difficulty in being able to address questions, and echoing back words said to them. Social skills symptoms include inability to make eye contact.... Moreover, the qualifications above notwithstanding, the medical literature is clear as to what the symptoms and signs of ASD are. Some of the literature classifies the symptoms along three categories, social skills, communication skills, and reacting to the general outside reality. With regard to the third category, people with ASD show a lack of fear when facing danger, object attachments of unusual intensity, difficulties adjusting to routine alterations, sleeping and eating problems, and movements of self-stimulation, such as rocking. Communication skills symptoms include problems with articulation of needs, difficulty in being able to address questions, and echoing back words said to them. Social skills symptoms include inability to make eye contact, difficulties in making friends, aversion to touch, and ill-timed and mismatching emotional reactions (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 2013). Another set of literature meanwhile focuses likewise on the inability of childr en with ASD to develop imagination in the social sense, such as an inability to participate in what is known as pretend play or social play (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 2013; The National Autistic Society 2013). Then too, there are aspects of ASD associated with children regressing in terms of the skill sets identified above, from a point of prior more advanced proficiency or level of development (National Institutes of Health 2013). III. Teaching Strategies The literature describes many teaching strategies and interventions that have been known to be effective in improving learning and life outcomes for children with ASD, developed over

Incineration Or Recycling Of Waste In Stockholm Environmental Sciences Essay

Incineration Or Recycling Of Waste In Stockholm Environmental Sciences Essay The amount of waste has increased every year in line with economic growth in the society and so progressively becoming a bigger concern. The issue of increasing waste in the society needs to be considered carefully and strategies for building sustainable solutions must be incorporated into the daily agenda for companies as well as for households. Decisions regarding large investments in our society, like different ways of handling waste, are complex and require a systematic approach supported with appropriate decision methods and models. The overall aim for this study is to investigate how incineration and recycling in Stockholm municipality is organized and also to evaluate both the costs and the benefits using CBA model. Which method is the best when both considering financial and environmental aspects? The results from the Cost Benefit Analysis shows clearly that incineration has a large advantage relative recycling in matter of financial benefits. This benefit comes mainly from the fact that it is possible in Sweden and at the Hà ¶gdalenverken to produce district heating and electricity from the incineration of MSW. This energy recovery is not just good from an environmental point of view but also from a financial. Another important result is that the flue gas treatment in Sweden and Hà ¶gdalenverken is very effective due to use of modern technologies. The cleaning process with use of filters, scrubbers and catalysts are very effective and has a large impact on the emissions released to the environment. When analyzing the full picture with incineration compared to recycling it is clear that in Stockholm is the benefits larger for incineration as a large scale profitable treatment method for the municipal solid waste (MSW). Introduction In the early 1800s the main occupation in Sweden was agriculture and the most important processes linked to farming was sowing, harvesting and managing animals. During this period it was quite clear for the farmers what the input and output of their processes were and it was probably not that hard to control these processes and the local environmental impact. The main issue was the weather and the main resource was manpower. The dawn of industrial technology brought the industrial revolution. It became clear that new companies and households were not only impacting the local environment but also much larger areas via waterways and air streams. The amount of waste has, in general, increased every year in line with economic growth and so progressively becoming a bigger issue for our society. The issue of increasing waste in the society needs to be considered carefully and strategies for building sustainable solutions must be incorporated into the daily agenda for companies as well as f or households. Decisions regarding large investments in our society, like different ways of handling waste, are complex and require a systematic approach supported with appropriate decision methods and models. Aims and Objectives The overall aim for this study is to investigate how incineration and recycling in Stockholm municipality is organized and also to evaluate both the costs and the benefits using CBA model. Which method is the best when both considering financial and environmental aspects? To be able to fulfill the overall aim a number of objectives has been established; Describe the concept of Ecological Economics and its context. Describe and explain how Cost Benefit Analysis can be used to evaluate waste handling. Describe what kind of waste that is incinerated and recycled in Stockholm municipality. Describe and analyze how incineration of waste is managed in Stockholm municipality. Describe and analyze how recycling of waste is managed in Stockholm municipality. Calculate and evaluate costs and benefits for both waste incineration and recycling. System Boundary One geographical boundary is that this study will take place in Stockholm municipality but when suitable information is missing in Stockholm there is a need to broaden this boundary. It is also stated that there is two options of waste handling that will be studied in this report, incineration and recycling. Still these methods need to be put into its context. Methodology The information used in this report comes mainly from course literature used in the course Ecological Economics (MJ2694) at KTH. Other sources of information are internet and databases with articles for the specific research area. Theoretical Framework This chapter will introduce the research area as well as build the basis for good understanding of how waste management is handled in Stockholm municipality. This study is focused on using Cost Benefit Analysis as method for analyzing the two options incineration and recycling. Ecological Economics Perspective Ecological Economics (EE) was founded at the end of 1980s and this field is often categorized in multi-discipline or trans-discipline research depending on the views of different scholars (Constanza, Daly and Bartholomew, 1991; Daly, 2004). This section will briefly address the concept and the terms of EE that will be used in this study. Due to the multi-disciplinary nature of EE, it seems important to define the basic idea of Ecological Economics before addressing the waste management methods from an ecological economics perspective. The basic idea of Ecological Economics In a broader sense this field of study investigates the relationship between ecosystems and economic systems (Constanza, Daly and Bartholomew, 1991). However, as Bergh (2001) discusses in relation with the core of EE, the combination of the two different fields of study was enabled based on the view that the economy is a subsystem of a larger local and global ecosystem, and this relationship provides the reason to set limits to the physical growth of the economy. At this point it is differed from mainstream economy which has the focus on market mechanism without consideration of actual human and ecosystem behavior. Ecological Economics responds to failure of mainstream economics to build a bridge between the gap of natural science and economics (Gowdy, 2000). Economic scientist aspires to find simple and general laws that cover all possible economic situations. The focus on markets in economy, with ignorance of the constraints imposed by environment and the human behavior, has conclu ded in a variety of environmental degradation (Gowdy, 2000). An important distinction of sustainability in EE is concerned with the differences between development and growth. Development refers to an increase in the quality of output without an increase in mass and energy usage, whereas growth refers to quantitative increase in economic output (Gowdy, 2000). Development with an increase of quality of output also considers equal allocating resources significant and efficiency of distributing resources (Daly and Farley, 2004). Cost Benefit Analysis One of the methods used for decision-making is Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) and with this method it is possible to evaluate the expected costs of an investment against the expected benefits to determine the most profitable alternative. In terms of goal setting or making a decision, CBA is a support for the decision makers. It is a rather simple method that is widely used for many years. (Entrepreneur, 2010) To illustrate how simple the CBA could be is to put a piece of paper where a line divides it into two parts. In the left side costs are stated and in the right side the potential benefits are described. Both the costs and benefits should be stated to reach a specific goal. After writing the different costs and benefits they need to be added up to be able to compare the both sides and to see which the largest part is. As this is a very simple method for decision-making it could be used for a first screening the situation but probably a more sophisticated method will be needed for deeper analysis. (Entrepreneur, 2010) One example when a CBA is used could be when a Sales Director of a company needs to take a decision if the company should invest in a new efficient contract and sales processing computer based system. At present time has the sales department just a few computers and this kind of investment would require quite much employee training. There is a risk that there will be a decrease in sales during the implementation period of this new computer based system. The total costs are estimated to about $55,800 (computers, installation and training). The potential benefits are linked to the estimated increase in sales capacity and better customer service performance which is approximately $90,000 annually. With this costs and benefit figures is it possible to calculate the profit of the investment as well as the return of investment of about eight months. (Entrepreneur, 2010) Incineration in Stockholm Municipality There are many ways of taking care of waste and incineration if one of the most important treatment methods. According to the waste hierarchy is incineration in the middle of the waste hierarchy. The order is from the top of the waste hierarchy; waste reduction/prevention, re-use, recycling composting, incineration and landfill (Williams, 2005). In Stockholm is incineration is one of the main ways of waste treatment. For Stockholm is Hà ¶gdalenverket the main facility for incineration of waste. At this plant is heat and electricity produced from mainly combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW) as well as industrial waste. This facility consists of six different burners to produce the heat and electricity. One important change in the district heating net of Stockholm was made in 2008 when the southern and central district heating net was merged into one net. Hà ¶gdalenverket is the major producing unit of district heating in Stockholm. In Hà ¶gdalenverket is the different shares of waste; MSW from Stockholm 235,432 ton, MSW from surrounding municipalities 158,001 ton and industrial waste 90,917 ton. The part of the MSW that comes from Stockholm is 235,432/484,450 = 0.49, that is 49% of the total treated waste in Hà ¶gdalenverket. There are also needed different fuels to be able to run the plant, for example burning oils a nd bio oils (Fortum, 2010). In Table 9 in Appendix B, it is obvious that waste from food is totally dominating the MSW with about 38.9% of the total amount. The second biggest part is board and corrugated cardboard with 9.3% and the third biggest is newspapers with 7.2%. These three parts makes about 55% of the total MSW in Stockholm and needs to be treated accordingly. The figures shown in Table 9 come from an analysis called plockanalys (eng. pick analysis). This means that MSW in Stockholm has been analyzed by looking into garbage bags from citizens in the municipality. A typical modern waste incinerator plant is divided into five different process steps according to Williams (2005). The first step is the waste delivery and the final district heating or electricity generation. The steps are described below also see Figure 1 for an illustration: I) Waste delivery, bunker and feeding system this stage comprises the arrival of waste to the incineration plant, its storage in the bunker for further utilization and the continuous feeding to the furnace. II) Furnace it is here where the incineration of the waste occurs. It can be divided in three phases; drying and devolatilisation, combustion of volatiles and soot and combustion of the solid carbonaceous residues. III) Heat recovery due to the high temperature of the flue gases, around 750 1000  °C, it is necessary to cool down the gases before passing through the cleaning system. During this process, by the utilization of a boiler, the heat of the flue gases is transferred to water therefore producing steam. IV) Emissions control this stage comprises all the measures and techniques utilized to treat the flue gases in order to comply with the European Commission Waste Incineration Directive (2000), which regulates all the emissions resultant from incineration plants. V) Energy recovery via district heating or electricity generation through the utilization of turbines or heat exchangers it is possible to use the steam produced in the heat recovery phase to generate electricity or district heating. Figure 1 Typical layout of a MSW incineration plant (EC, 2006) Recycling in Stockholm Municipality Waste recycling can be considered as a favored way for material and energy recovery. Reasonable sorting system is the most kernel part in material recycling. The main aims of waste recycling is to separately store recyclable material for reuse and ensure that waste which can be processed for recovery of material and energy. It is also to separately store hazardous material for disposal in landfills or through appropriate processing and also to minimize the waste and ensure reduction in landfill space for final disposal. (Barker and Zabinsky, 2010) The general idea of waste recycling in western countries, is based on first household sorting and recycling and secondly process in recycling center. Household Sorting and Recycling The idea of household recycling adopts the method of waste sorting in households. There are different kinds of waste that is recycled for example packaging, food, paper, metal and glass waste. These are collected via waste bins located at households, business facilities, at hotel and other public areas. The collected waste will be transported for recycling or for downgraded recovery. The household waste sorting starts normally in the kitchen where food waste and other mixed waste are sorted into their own separate waste collection bins. The waste contains recyclable materials such as glass, metal and paper that are sorted in their separate bins. The waste also contains hazardous material which can be dangerous or harmful to human health or the surrounding environment and should not be mixed with other waste. The hazardous waste must be kept separately and taken to specific recycle stations. In 1994 was the legislation passed, that requiring households to sort waste into separate streams to facilitate collection under the EPR legislation. Since the Swedish system relied on bring systems it is not really compulsory. Sorting waste by the households is regulated but not enforced. In almost all municipalities in Sweden, there are different kinds of waste bins used to collect different kinds of household waste separately. The method of classifying different household waste follow these different groups; paper board, plastic, glass, metals, food and other (e.g. batteries, lamps). For the different kind of waste mentioned, there are the corresponding bins to collect them. (Paxà ©us, 1999) Swedish cleaning company jointly is formed by non-governmental organizations. Companies in some cities in Sweden provides each household with free garbage bags which is used to keep waste paper, scrap metal, waste glass bottle and waste fiber separately. The special truck always collects recyclable periodically, while the other garbage collection once a week. In addition, in apartments, hotels and other public residential area also has the special collection devices used to keep various types of waste for recycling. (Green Alliance, 2009) The reusable bottles in Sweden, such as plastic bottles and metal cans, could be collected at supermarkets which have self-service recycle machines. People can get money back once by applying the used bottles into the self-service machine which is designed as a deposit refund system. About 9,000 tons of recycled in Sweden for cans and about 2 million tons of glass bottles are collected every year. 75 million tons of paper are recovered per year of which 240,000 tons is collected from households. (Docstoc, 2009) Process in Recycling Center Recycling Centers manage the collected waste from all scattered areas. The recycling begins with material collection and separation, followed by sorting at a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF), which is also known as recycling centers and after that further reprocessing or reuse. The recycling center can be defined as a demarcated system where people bring and sort their large-sized, hazardous and electrical waste. This is including refrigerators, furniture, electronics, garden waste, solvents and paints. The waste is sorted and placed in large containers, cages and boxes. However, kitchen waste is not accepted at these recycling centers. (Krook and Eklund, 2010) In contrast to waste separation in source site, waste materials and recyclables sorted in recycling centre can be thought of solution at the end of the waste stream. A typical materials recovery centre comprises of several buildings including receiving and processing waste from the producers or storing a short period inventory of conditioned waste as a warehouse. All the buildings are necessarily equipped with appropriate facilities for treating and conditioning the waste. The standardization of the recycling centre strictly follows reference design certified by relevant agencies in order to achieve cost effective performance. Figure 2 below shows the recycling centre which can handle with a mixture of containers composed of crystal or colored glass, ferrous metals, aluminum tins and paper cartons. The procedure is similar to un-segregated MSW recycling facility. Pre-segregation occurs before waste is transmitted to the facility which indicates a higher recovery rate involved (Williams, 2005). Figure 2. Materials Recycling Facility. (Warmer Bulletin 59, 1998. Reproduced by permission of R.C. Strange) Materials recycling facilities handles the segregated material streams with a range from 3 to 8 waste components, of particular materials which may be separated or mixed. By doing in this way, it will lower the contamination degree while increase the recycling rates. The separation processes are generally classified into mechanical and manual separated operations. Many types of materials like corrugated cardboard which is already through the pre-segregating procedure will be delivered into the baler directly at the initial input stage. The stages of separation include trommel screening, magnetic separation, and manual sorting. Although mechanical separation processes are in wider applications, yet manual sorting procedure is still considered as a favored way to detach different waste especially like colored glasses or plastics. (Williams, 2005) Results In this section will the result from data and literature research be presented. To be able to illustrate the result in an easy and logical way, will first the cost and benefits for incineration be shown and after that the cost and benefits for recycling in Stockholm. The final result from the full cost benefit calculation will be illustrated in a table. Costs for Incineration in Stockholm Municipality The costs for incineration are assumed to be the costs for collection and transport of the household waste and the full cost for the incineration plant. Costs for Collection and Transportation About 35 employees are working in the waste management office in Stockholm municipality. Total population in Stockholm for 2009 is 829,417 according to the annual report of Stockholm municipality (Stockholms Stad, 2010). Weighed household waste at Hà ¶gdalenverken is 130 kr * 829,417 = 107,824,210 kr per year. The cost for collection, transport and removal of household waste is about 520 kr per person and year in Stockholm municipality according to annual report. Total costs for collection, transport and removal of household waste is equal to 520 kr * 829,417 = 431,296,840 kr/year Costs for Incineration Plant Hà ¶gdalenverket has an annual capacity of treating about 700,000 ton waste and the share of MSW from Stockholm Municipality is 235,432 ton per year. In the study made by the Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL, 1999) is the total cost for an incineration plant about 400 kr per ton. This information is to be found in table A6 in the IVL report from 1999. Cost Assumptions for Incineration Plants (IVL, 1999): Investment, Capacity0.68 * 145,000 Depreciation time = 20 years Power (MW), Capacity * 0.38 * 10-3 Employees, 10+(14.3*Power+200)0.5 Maintenance and operational costs, 2.5% of the investment Chemicals and lime, 20 kr/ton waste Capacity = plant capacity (ton/year) Interest rate = 5% With a total amount of waste that is 235,432 ton/year and a cost of about 400 kr/ton waste treated will the total cost per year be 400 kr/ton * 235,432 ton/year = 94,172,800 kr/year. The total cost for incineration according to the above calculations is a combination of costs for collection and transportation as well as costs for the incineration plant. Probably is it also some minor cost for handling the residues from the incineration but this cost was not possible to find. Total cost for incineration is 431,296,840 kr/year + 94,172,800 kr/year = 525,469,640 kr/year. Benefits for Incineration in Stockholm Municipality In Stockholm are approximately 130,000 households using the district heating from Hà ¶gdalenverken and this district heating is generated from incineration of MSW (Fortum, 2009). The annual cost for every household is estimated to be about 18,960 kr/year. This is based on an annual energy usage of 21,000 kWh (Fortum, 2010a). The total cost for households (equals to benefits from district heating) will be 130,000 * 18,960 kr/year = 2,464,800,000 kr/year and this is the major part of the benefits from incineration. The other part is the electricity produced. According to Fortum homepage (Fortum, 2010) is the power output from the plant 71 MW. There are two steam turbines with a power output of 27 MW and 44MW which gives a total of 71 MW. The calculation to convert it into kW is 71 MW * 1000 = 71,000 kW. The calculation of the produced electricity per year for Hà ¶gdalenverken is 71,000 kW * 24 hours/days * 365 days/year = 621,960,000 kWh/year. The assumed price for electricity is collected at Fortum homepage (Fortum, 2010b) and the page Historiska elpriser. To calculate the total income from electricity we have used the average monthly electricity price from January 2009 to December 2009 and this is 44.815 à ¶re/kWh = 0.44815 kr/kWh. This average price is then multiplied with the total electricity produced for 2009 which gives 621,960,000 kWh/year * 0.44815 kr/kWh = 278,731,374 kr/year. The benefits from incineration is a combination of district heating and electricity produced in Hà ¶gdalenverket. Still is the part of waste coming from Stockholm municipality about 49% of the total production in Hà ¶gdalenverket which gives; 0.49 * (2,464,800,000 kr/year + 278,731,374 kr/year) = 1,344,330,373 kr/year. Costs for Recycling in Stockholm Municipality The part of material recycling which includes packaging, electronic waste, as well as bulky waste collected as metal fraction in municipal recycling centers in Sweden was 1,586,600 ton for 2009, 169.9 kg per person and corresponds to 35.4 % of all treated household waste. Therefore the total amount of recycling in Stockholm is 169.9 kg/person * 829,417 persons = 140,918 ton/year. This was calculated based on population size, see Table 1below. Table 1 The Amount of Recycling per Year in Stockholm (Avfall Sverige, 2010) Sweden Stockholm Material recycling 1,586,600 ton 140,918 ton Material recycling per person 169.9 kg Population 9,354,462 829,417 The cost for waste management is in average 690 kr/person per year. It is possible to assume that the cost for recycling is 244 kr/person per year based on the charge of recycling 35.4% of total waste. The cost of recycling is 244 kr/person * 829,417 = 202,377,748 kr/year, see Table 2. Table 2 The Cost of Recycling per Year in Stockholm (Avfall Sverige, 2010) 1 person/year Per year Cost for waste management 690 kr Cost for recycling 244 kr 202,377,748 kr Rate of recycling of total waste 35.4% Benefits for Recycling in Stockholm Municipality The vast majority of recycling materials in Stockholm is generally categorized into 5 groups; plastic, metal, paper, e-waste and glass. In the Swedish Waste Management report for 2010 (Avfall Sverige, 2010) is the explicit recycling data display as a Table 3 below. Table 3. Recycling Material Detail in Sweden 2009 (Avfall Sverige, 2010) Waste Type [ton] [kg/person] Recovery degree [%] Parliament recycling target [%] Newspaper Paper Package 899,000 96.4 85 70 Office Paper 118,000 12.6 72 Plastic 44,430 4.8 27 70 Glass 177,300 19.0 90 70 Metal Metal Package 203.320 21.8 72 70 E-waste 143.850 15.4 According to municipal demographic statistic in 2009, the municipality of Stockholm holds a population of 829,417. Therefore, the waste statistic in Stockholm is as demonstrated in Table 4. One example of calculation is for Newspaper Paper Package where the kg/person is 96.4 and this times 829,417 equals 79,955,799 kg for a year. Table 4. Recycling Material Amount in Municipality of Stockholm 2009 Waste Type Waste Amount [kg] Waste Amount [ton] Newspaper Paper Package 79,955,799 79,956 Office Paper 10,450,654 10,451 Plastic 22,394,259 22,394 Glass 74,647,530 74,648 Metal Metal Package 18,081,291 18,081 E-waste 12,773,022 12,773 On basis of reports regarding cost benefit of waste recycling as well as statistics and some assumptions, economical market value for these recycling materials are calculated, see Table 5. Table 5 Value of Recovered Materials Waste Type $ per ton Newspaper Paper Pack 90  [1]   Office Paper 2571 Plastic 6501 Glass 751 Metal Metal Package 1,200  [2]   E-waste 1,890  [3]   The calculation of total benefits is a combination of waste amount value from Table 4 and $ per ton value from Table 5. This gives 79,956*90 + 10,451*257 + 22,394*650 + 74,648*75 + 18,081*1,200 + 12,773*1,890 = 7,196,040 + 2,685,907 + 14,566,100 + 5,598,600 + 21,697,200 + 24,140,970 = 75,884,817 USD. The average USD rate vs. SEK is 7.63  [4]  for 2009 and this gives a total benefits for recycling of 75,884,817 USD * 7.63 = 579,001,154 kr/year. Cost Benefit Analysis of Incineration vs. Recycling The total cost and benefits from calculations in the results chapter is illustrated in Table 6 below. It is clear that the financial profit from incineration is best compared to recycling in Stockholm municipality. The table also shows that the driver behind this result is the benefits generated by district heating from incineration. One important point to mention is that the total amount of waste for incineration is 235,432 ton/year and for recycling 140,918 ton/year. Table 6 Calculation of Cost and Benefits for Incineration and Recycling [kr/year] Incineration Recycling Benefits 1,344,330,373 579,001,154 Costs 525,469,640 202,377,748 Profit 818,860,733 [kr/year] 376,623,406 [kr/year] Extended Cost Benefit Analysis Environmental Impact from Incineration In spite of being an attractive technological option for waste management, incineration of MSW is the subject of debate around the world. Though incineration of MSW contribute to energy recovery through district heating and electricity, but in absence of efficient controls, pollutants may be discharged into air, land and water which may influence human health and environment. There are different ways of treating flue gases during the incineration process. Cyclones may be seen as an improved version of settling chamber. Their specific geometry increases particles speed as well as the probability they hit the cyclone walls. They can then fall down and being collected. Often used in parallel and it is then called multi-cyclones. Cyclones present several advantages as pre-treatment methods. Another alternative which can be combined with cyclone as pre-treatment is the use of electrostatic precipitator. These expensive pieces of equipment are able to handle high temperature and may be a good ally of cyclones because of their high cleaning efficiency including very small particles. The removal of gaseous compounds such as acidic gases or nitrites requires the use of additional reagent such as activated carbon or limestone. Their prominence is mainly due to their low investment cost and implementation flexibility. They can indeed deal with various flow character istics, including very wet and hot gases. Wet scrubbers are not without drawbacks (Persson, 2006). Environmental Impact from Recycling In general recycling is widely assumed to have a lower impact than producing new product from raw materials for all the waste items, see Table 7. Table 7. Impact of Recycling (Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, 2005) Material % of Household Waste Energy Emissions Raw Material Saved per Ton Recycled Paper 18 28-70% 95% less (air pollutants) Glass 7 18% less 30% less 1.2 Plastic 7 up to 66% less - 1.8 Cans (Fe) 3 70% less 86% less 2.0 Can (Al) 3 95% less 95% less 4.0 Based on Rebel recycling program between 2003 and 2008, it is possible to calculate the following positive impact on the global environment from recycling in Stockholm, see Table 8. Table 8. Positive Impact of Recycling in Stockholm (University of Nevada, 2008) 1 ton 140,918 ton/year Tree Saved 17 forty foot Douglas fir trees 2,395,606 forty foot Douglas fir trees Water Saved 7,000 gallons of water 9,86426 gallons of water Air Pollution Prevented 60 pounds of air pollutants 8,455,08 pounds of air pollutants Landfil